Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Free-Space Optical Communications

Jamali, Vahid; Ajam, Hedieh; Najafi, Marzieh; Schmauß, Bernhard; Schober, Robert; Poor, H. Vincent

doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2100406

Cited by 83 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…2) ARQ/HARQ in IRS-aided FSO Systems: IRS has recently emerged as a new approach to expand the FSO communication coverage [177]. IRS is constructed by a planar meta-surface composed of a large number of reflecting elements.…”

Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For reliable transmissions, link-layer ARQ/HARQ protocols have been recently considered in IRS-assisted RF systems [114]. It is worth noting that the design and performance of such protocols have remained relatively unexplored in high-speed IRS-assisted FSO systems, where the key differences of IRS in FSO and RF were reported in [177]. In IRS-assisted FSO systems, the narrow FSO beaminduced pointing error and atmospheric turbulence are the most challenging issues for the widespread deployment [179].…”

Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Pham

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Free space optical (FSO) communication has established a reputation for itself capable of delivering high-speed data services over long distances without exhausting radio frequency (RF) resources. FSO communication can be considered in different network scenarios, including inter-satellite/deep-space links, ground-station/vehicles, satellite/aerial links, and terrestrial links. It is expected to be one of the key enabling technologies for the next generation of 6G wireless networks. Nevertheless, despite the great potential of FSO communications, its performance suffers from various limitations and challenges: atmospheric turbulence, clouds, weather conditions, and pointing misalignment. The error-control solutions, including physical layer (PHY) and linklayer methods, aim to mitigate the transmission errors caused by such adverse issues. While the existing surveys on errorcontrol solutions in FSO systems primarily focussed on the PHY methods, we instead provide a review of link-layer solutions. In particular, we conduct an extensive literature survey of state-ofthe-art retransmission protocols, both automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ), for various FSO communication scenarios, including point-to-point terrestrial, cooperative, multi-hop relaying, hybrid FSO/RF, satellite/aerial, and deepspace systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of recent literature and insightful discussion on the cross-layer design frameworks related to link-layer retransmission protocols in FSO communication networks. Finally, the lessons learned, design guidelines, related open issues, and future research directions are exposed.

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Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Pham

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…In the optical wireless communication, beam steering [28], beam shaping [29], and improving the service level of the link [30] for coherent light using metasurface-based IRS have been studied. For incoherent light (such as visible light), AM Abdelhady et al [31] install IRS on the wall which reflects the incident light to the receiver by intelligently controlling the phase gradient of each metasurface and the orientation of each mirror in the indoor environment and the results proved that the performance of the mirror array is better than that of the metasurface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Scheme for the Number of Mirrors in Vehicular Visible Light Communication via Mirror Array-Based Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

et al. 2022

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The optimization problem of the number of mirrors under energy efficiency (EE) maximization for vehicular visible light communication (VVLC) via mirror array-based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is investigated. Under considering that the formulated optimization problem is subject to the real and non-negative of the transmitted signal, the maximum power consumption satisfied luminous ability and eye safety, the minimum achievable rate, and the required bit error ratio (BER), EE is proved to be a unimodal function of the number of mirrors. Then, the binary search-conditional iteration (BSCI) algorithm is proposed for quickly finding the optimal number of mirrors with maximum EE. Numerical results demonstrate that fewer mirrors can obtain the maximum EE, and the computational complexity of the BSCI algorithm is reduced by 105 orders of magnitude, compared with the Bubble Sort method.

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“…Recently, there has been an extensive study exploring the benefits of the RIS approach for variety of wireless communication networks such as radio-frequency (RF) [4]- [10], free-space optics (FSO) [11], [12], and terahertz (THz) [13], [14]. More specifically, the authors analyzed the performance of RIS-assisted RF systems over Rayleigh fading model in [4], Rician fading in [5], Nakagami-m channel model in [6], [7] and fluctuating two rays (FTR) fading model for RISassisted mmWave communications in [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RIS-Assisted Vehicular Network with Direct Transmission over Double-Generalized Gamma Fading Channels

Chapala¹,

Malik²,

Zafaruddin³

2022

Preprint

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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can provide stable connectivity for vehicular communications when direct transmission becomes significantly weaker with dynamic channel conditions between an access point and a moving vehicle. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a RIS-assisted vehicular network by coherently combining received signals reflected by RIS elements and direct transmissions from the source terminal over double generalized Gamma (dGG) fading channels. We present analytical expressions on the outage probability and average bit-error rate (BER) performance of the considered system by deriving exact density and distribution functions for the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resulted from the finite sum of the direct link and product of channel coefficients each distributed according to the dGG. We also develop asymptotic analysis on the outage probability and average BER to derive diversity order for a better insight into the system performance at high SNR. We validate the derived analytical expressions through numerical and simulation results and demonstrate scaling of the system performance with RIS elements and a comparison to the conventional relaying techniques and direct transmissions considering various practically relevant scenarios.

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Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Free-Space Optical Communications

Cited by 83 publications

References 12 publications

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

An Optimal Scheme for the Number of Mirrors in Vehicular Visible Light Communication via Mirror Array-Based Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

RIS-Assisted Vehicular Network with Direct Transmission over Double-Generalized Gamma Fading Channels

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