Inter- and intramyotomal gap junctions in the axolotl embryo

Keeter, Joe S.; Pappas, George D.; Model, Pat G.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(75)90237-7

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…No message for either connexin was detected in adult heart and skeletal muscle. This is consistent with biochemical analyses of heart gap junctions (Gros et al, 1983;Beyer et al, 1989) and the absence, morphologically, of gap junctions in skeletal muscle (Keeter et al, 1975). Together, these results show that Cx32 and Cx26 are coexpressed in a variety of, but not all, tissues.…”

Section: Cx26 R N a Is Coexpressed With Cx32 R N A In A Variety Of Tisupporting

confidence: 87%

Sequence and tissue distribution of a second protein of hepatic gap junctions, Cx26, as deduced from its cDNA.

Zhang

Nicholson

1989

The Journal of Cell Biology

412

209

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Section: Cx26 R N a Is Coexpressed With Cx32 R N A In A Variety Of Tisupporting

confidence: 87%

Sequence and tissue distribution of a second protein of hepatic gap junctions, Cx26, as deduced from its cDNA.

Zhang

Nicholson

1989

The Journal of Cell Biology

412

209

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“…Skeletal muscle cells are initially coupled through gap junctions, but become uncoupled and lose these structures after formation of muscle fibers and innervation (Rash and Staehelin, 1974;Keeter et al, 1975;Kalderon et al, 1977;Schmalbruch, 1982). We have found that CX36, CX42, and CX45 are expressed in the myotome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The fine punctae of Cx36-like protein observed in cross-sections and the linear-like pattern of staining observed in horizontal sections are reminiscent of the distribution of gap junctions during amphibian development as seen by transmission electron microscopy (Keeter et al, 1975;Blackshaw and Warner, 1976). In these embryos, gap junctions have been observed between muscle cells within a given somite and between muscle cells in adjacent somites (Keeter et al, 1975;Blackshaw and Warner, 1976). The linear-like appearance of staining at the rostral and caudal ends of the myotome as observed in horizontal sections might result from the convergence of myotomal cells to their sites of attachment which produces the fusiform shape of the myotome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Highly restricted pattern of connexin36 expression in chick somite development

et al. 2004

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The gap junction protein connexin36 (CX36) has been well studied in the mature central nervous system, but there has been little information regarding its possible roles in embryonic development. We report here the isolation of the full-length chick CX36 coding sequence (predicted M r 35.1 kDa) and its strikingly restricted pattern of gene expression in the mesoderm of the chick embryo. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated CX36 expression in somites by embryonic day 2. The transcripts first appeared dorsomedially within the somite and expanded ventrolaterally to form stripes in the middle of each somite. The CX36 stripes fell within somitic territories enriched in MYOD and FGF8 expression and impoverished in PAX3 transcripts, establishing that CX36 mRNA is expressed in the myotome. We compared the somitic expression pattern of CX36 with those of three other connexins, CX42, CX43, and CX45. At embryonic day 4, CX42 transcripts were localized to the myotome in a pattern resembling that of CX36. In contrast, CX43 was enriched in the dermomyotome, and CX45 was detected in both the myotome and the dermomyotome. Immunoblotting using Cx36 antibodies demonstrated bands of identical electrophoretic mobilities in trunk and retinal homogenates, and Cx36 immunostaining detected punctate immunoreactivity in the myotome. These results demonstrate that some connexins in the developing mesoderm are broadly expressed whereas others are highly localized, and suggest that CX36, CX42, and CX45 are involved in intercellular communication among developing muscle cells.

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“…Myoblasts at pre-fusion stages are also capable of forming gap junctions, if given the opportunity for close association in vitro (Chow and Young, 1987;Kalderon et al, 1977). At later stages myotubes containing fully differentiated myofibrils are again connected, but become fully distinct functional units in coincidence with innervation and in a manner dependent on activity (Keeter et al, 1975;Dennis, 1981;Dennis et al, 1981;Armstrong et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the histogenesis of EDL and diaphragm in rat

Yiping

Appelt

Kelly

et al. 1992

Developmental Dynamics

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We have examined the histogenesis of the diaphragm and extensor digitorum muscle in rat embryos, with the aim of defining differences in developmental patterns that can be related to the functional requirements of these muscles during and after development.Patterns of interactions between myotubes and other cells, and frequency of gap junctions are quite different in the two muscles. In diaphragm, primary myotubes (at day 16 in utero) are closely associated with each other, forming parallel sheets or palisades and communicating by gap junctions. Secondary myotubes have formed by day 18, but are immature, and the frequency of gap junctions is lower. The arrangement in palisades is maintained even after fibers are separated from each other by their individual basal lamina. In EDL primary fibers at day 16 have fewer gap junctions, and the peak in communication occurs after the appearance of secondary myotubes (day 18 and 21). Secondary myotubes are more mature than in diaphragm at day 18. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Inter- and intramyotomal gap junctions in the axolotl embryo

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Sequence and tissue distribution of a second protein of hepatic gap junctions, Cx26, as deduced from its cDNA.

Sequence and tissue distribution of a second protein of hepatic gap junctions, Cx26, as deduced from its cDNA.

Highly restricted pattern of connexin36 expression in chick somite development

Differences in the histogenesis of EDL and diaphragm in rat

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