Inter-brain synchronization occurs without physical co-presence during cooperative online gaming

Wikström, Valtteri; Saarikivi, Katri; Falcon, Mari; Makkonen, Tommi; Martikainen, Silja; Putkinen, Vesa; Cowley, Benjamin Ultan; Tervaniemi, Mari

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108316

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This has allowed for the exploration of inter-brain synchrony, which has been linked to joint attention, interpersonal communication, coordination, and decision-making (for review, see [11]). Studies have revealed that higher inter-brain synchrony is associated with successful cooperation [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Intra-person variation, such as circadian variation in the expression of specific genes in the prefrontal cortex [18], is also believed to play a role in these interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do circadian rhythms and neural synchrony shape networked cooperation?

Vasiliauskaite

Hausladen

2023

Front. Phys.

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This study investigates the effects of temporal changes at the individual and social levels and their impact on cooperation in social networks. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain the probability of cooperation as a function of endogenously driven periodic temporal variation and neural synchrony modeled as a diffusion process. Agents are simulated playing a prisoner’s dilemma game, with and without evolution, in a two-player setting and on networks. Most importantly, we find that temporal variation and synchrony influence cooperation patterns in a non-trivial way and can enhance or suppress cooperation, depending on exact parameter values. Furthermore, some of our results point to promising future research on human subjects. Specifically, we find that cooperators can dramatically increase their payoff—as opposed to defectors—if neural synchrony is present. Furthermore, the more heterogeneous the synchrony between two agents, the less they cooperate. In a network setting, neural synchrony inhibits cooperation, and variation in circadian patterns counteracts this effect.Call: Hidden Order Behind Cooperation in Social Systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do circadian rhythms and neural synchrony shape networked cooperation?

Vasiliauskaite

Hausladen

2023

Front. Phys.

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“…Variability of IBS over time has been known about for some time ( Dumas et al, 2010 ), but it has only recently received renewed attention in the hyperscanning literature (e.g., Li et al, 2021 ; Haresign et al, 2022 ; Wikström et al, 2022 ). Future work could aim to systematically quantify IBS variability as the expected multi-brain signature of a healthy, spontaneously motivated social interaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-brain desynchronization in social interaction: a consequence of subjective involvement?

Froese,

Loh,

Putri

2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Hyperscanning approaches to human neuroscience aim to uncover the neural mechanisms of social interaction. They have been largely guided by the expectation that increased levels of engagement between two persons will be supported by higher levels of inter-brain synchrony (IBS). A common approach to measuring IBS is phase synchrony in the context of EEG hyperscanning. Yet the growing number of experimental findings does not yield a straightforward interpretation, which has prompted critical reflections about the field’s theoretical and methodological principles. In this perspective piece, we make a conceptual contribution to this debate by considering the role of a possibly overlooked effect of inter-brain desynchronization (IBD), as for example measured by decreased phase synchrony. A principled reason to expect this role comes from the recent proposal of irruption theory, which operationalizes the efficacy of a person’s subjective involvement in behavior generation in terms of increased neural entropy. Accordingly, IBD is predicted to increase with one or more participant’s socially motivated subjective involvement in interaction, because of the associated increase in their neural entropy. Additionally, the relative prominence of IBD compared to IBS is expected to vary in time, as well as across frequency bands, depending on the extent that subjective involvement is elicited by the task and/or desired by the person. If irruption theory is on the right track, it could thereby help to explain the notable variability of IBS in social interaction in terms of a countertendency from another factor: IBD due to subjective involvement.

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“…Numerous previous hyperscanning studies (Czeszumski et al, 2020(Czeszumski et al, , 2022Dravida et al, 2020;Hirsch et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018;Wikström et al, 2022;Yoshioka et al, 2021) have underscored that most brain regions are implicated in social behaviors to varying degrees.…”

Section: Interbrain Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we hypothesized that the synchrony and desynchrony present in pseudo‐mutual gaze would elicit alterations in the dyad's brain activities to accommodate shifts in social interaction modes. These changes were anticipated to manifest in the IBS of the dyadic frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas, which have been previously reported to be involved in biological motion perception (Saygin, 2007), cooperation and competition (Wang et al, 2022), interoception (Balconi & Angioletti, 2023), informative gesture (Balconi & Fronda, 2020), and have been studied extensively in numerous hyperscanning studies (Czeszumski et al, 2020, 2022; Dravida et al, 2020; Hirsch et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2018; Wikström et al, 2022; Yoshioka et al, 2021). With respect to frequency bands, we hypothesized that elevated IBS might be observed in the delta and theta bands, potentially as results of interpersonal sensory and motor synchrony (Balconi & Angioletti, 2023; Lindenberger et al, 2009) and cooperative joint‐action tasks (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo‐mutual gazing enhances interbrain synchrony during remote joint attention tasking

Chuang

Hsu

2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionMutual gaze enables people to share attention and increase engagement during social interactions through intentional and implicit messages. Although previous studies have explored gaze behaviors and neural mechanisms underlying in‐person eye contact, the growing prevalence of remote communication has raised questions about how to establish mutual gaze remotely and how the brains of interacting individuals synchronize.MethodsTo address these questions, we conducted a study using eye trackers to create a pseudo‐mutual gaze channel that mirrors the gazes of each interacting dyad on their respective remote screens. To demonstrate fluctuations in coupling across brains, we incorporated electroencephalographic hyperscanning techniques to simultaneously record the brain activity of interacting dyads engaged in a joint attention task in player‐observer, collaborative, and competitive modes.ResultsOur results indicated that mutual gaze could improve the efficiency of joint attention activities among remote partners. Moreover, by employing the phase locking value, we could estimate interbrain synchrony (IBS) and observe low‐frequency couplings in the frontal and temporal regions that varied based on the interaction mode. While dyadic gender composition significantly affected gaze patterns, it did not impact the IBS.ConclusionThese results provide insight into the neurological mechanisms underlying remote interaction through the pseudo‐mutual gaze channel and have significant implications for developing effective online communication environments.

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Inter-brain synchronization occurs without physical co-presence during cooperative online gaming

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

How do circadian rhythms and neural synchrony shape networked cooperation?

How do circadian rhythms and neural synchrony shape networked cooperation?

Inter-brain desynchronization in social interaction: a consequence of subjective involvement?

Pseudo‐mutual gazing enhances interbrain synchrony during remote joint attention tasking

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