Inter-Core Crosstalk Impact on Migration Planning from Elastic Optical Networks to Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

Lechowicz, Piotr; Rumipamba-Zambrano, Rubén; Perelló, Jordi; Spadaro, Salvatore; Walkowiak, Krzysztof

doi:10.1364/ofc.2019.m4j.6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, traffic profiles, traffic forecasting, and evolving network scenarios need to be considered for optimum migration planning. Migration strategies for WDM to EON and EON to SDM-EON have been developed in the literature [218], [219], [220], [221], [222], [223]. Here, both the greenfield and brownfield migration strategies have been developed, where it is ensured that the existing services should not be interrupted during migration.…”

Section: F Migration Strategies and Techno-economic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Sharma

Agrawal

Bhatia

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing incidents of cyber attacks and evolution of quantum computing poses challenges to secure existing information and communication technologies infrastructure. In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) is being extensively researched, and is widely accepted as a promising technology to realize secure networks. Optical fiber networks carry a huge amount of information, and are widely deployed around the world in the backbone terrestrial, submarine, metro, and access networks. Thus, instead of using separate dark fibers for quantum communication, integration of QKD with the existing classical optical networks has been proposed as a cost-efficient solution, however, this integration introduces new research challenges. In this paper, we do a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art QKD secured optical networks, which is going to shape communication networks in the coming decades. We elucidate the methods and protocols used in QKD secured optical networks, and describe the process of key establishment. Various methods proposed in the literature to address the networking challenges in QKD secured optical networks, specifically, routing, wavelength and time-slot allocation (RWTA), resiliency, trusted repeater node (TRN) placement, QKD for multicast service, and quantum key recycling are described and compared in detail. This survey begins with the introduction to QKD and its advantages over conventional encryption methods. Thereafter, an overview of QKD is given including quantum bits, basic QKD system, QKD schemes and protocol families along with the detailed description of QKD process based on the Bennett and Brassard-84 (BB84) protocol as it is the most widely used QKD protocol in the literature. QKD system are also prone to some specific types of attacks, hence, we describe the types of quantum hacking attacks on the QKD system along with the methods used to prevent them. Subsequently, the process of point-to-point mechanism of QKD over an optical fiber link is described in detail using the BB84 protocol. Different architectures of QKD secured optical networks are described next. Finally, major findings from this comprehensive survey are summarized with highlighting open issues and challenges in QKD secured optical networks.

show abstract

Section: F Migration Strategies and Techno-economic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Sharma

Agrawal

Bhatia

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, IC-XT may significantly affect the transmission reach, and in consequence, the network performance [6]. In fact, depending on the mean crosstalk increase per length unit of fiber, various modulation formats may be applied on shorter transmission reaches, and in consequence, higher number of migrated components may be required to compensate the usage of less spectrally efficient modulation formats to serve the same requests [7]. Therefore, it is crucial during network planning to select MCFs with appropriate characteristic of IC-XT propagation to realize transmission.…”

Section: Migration To Ss-fon Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Greenfield Gradual Migration Planning toward Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

Lechowicz

Goścień²,

Rumipamba-Zambrano³

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Mag.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper identifies the unavoidably required upgrade of short-term realizable elastic optical networks (EONs) operating over single-mode fibers toward spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs), exploiting spatial division multiplexing (SDM) technology in order to cope with the expected midand long-term future traffic forecasts. Since a complete EON to SS-FON network migration becomes unrealistic overnight, this paper proposes a gradual greenfield migration strategy employing novel heuristic planning solutions. These solutions allow identifying which network components should be SDM-capable ones, so as to support the forecasted traffic increase at given time. To allow transmission in SS-FON, links should be extended with SDM-capable fibers and nodes should be equipped with SDM-capable re-configurable optical add and drop multiplexers (ROADMs). Using the proposed solutions, a migration case study in a national reference core network is provided and analyzed.

show abstract