Interação genótipo x ambiente em genótipos de cafeeiro Mundo Novo por modelos não lineares e multiplicativos

Abstract

ResumoEste trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica da produtividade de genótipos do grupo Mundo Novo pelos métodos TOLER e AMMI de maneira a compará-los e a selecionar aqueles que apresentassem alta adaptabilidade produtiva nas regiões produtoras de café do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram instalados e conduzidos experimentos em Três Pontas, Campos Altos e Capelinha, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 33 genótipos do grupo Mundo Novo obtidos no Programa de Melhoramento Genético do Cafeeiro conduzido pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). As avaliações de produção foram efetuadas ao longo de seis colheitas, as quais foram agrupadas em biênios. Cada combinação biênio x local foi considerada um ambiente, totalizando nove ambientes de estudo. Uma vez detectada a presença de interação genótipo x ambiente pelo teste de F de Snedecor, procedeu-se à análise de estabilidade, sendo a adaptação representada pela produtividade. Os métodos AMMI e TOLER foram semelhantes ao classificar os genótipos e ambientes e devem ser usados em conjunto em programas de melhoramento do cafeeiro para maior confiabilidade das informações, uma vez que suas interpretações são complementares. A estabilidade foi associada, nesse estudo, com baixa adaptabilidade. Os genótipos IAC 379-19, IAC 388-6-16 e IAC 403-1 apresentaram-se instáveis com alta adaptabilidade. Os genótipos IAC 2931 e IAC 480 se enquadram como desejáveis, pois associam estabilidade média e produtividade considerável.Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica L., melhoramento genético, adaptabilidade, estabilidade fenotípica. Genotype x environment interaction in Mundo Novo coffee genotypes by non-linear and multiplicative models AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic adaptability and stability for yield in coffee genotypes of the cultivar "Mundo Novo" by using the methods TOLER and AMMI, as well as to select genotypes with high productive adaptability in the coffee growing regions of Minas Gerais. The experiments were carried out in Três Pontas, Campos Altos and Capelinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions and six plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 33 genotypes of cultivar "Mundo Novo" provided by the coffee plant breeding program of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC). The yield analyses were performed during six harvests, which were grouped in bienniums. Each combination biennium x site was considered an environment totalizing nine environments. Once the genotype x environment interaction was detected by the F test of Snedecor, the stability analysis was done with the adaptation being represented by yield. The methods AMMI and TOLER were similar when classifying the genotypes and environments, and should be used together in coffee breeding programs in order to obtain greater reliability of information, as they are complementary. In this study the stability was associated with low...

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