Interaction between Corneal and Internal Ocular Aberrations Induced by Orthokeratology and Its Influential Factors

Chen, Qingzhong; Li, Min; Yuan, Ying; Me, Rao; Yu, Yunjie; Shi, Guangsen; Ke, Bilian

doi:10.1155/2017/3703854

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the participants of this study (mean age 9.1 ± 1.3 years) analyzed over a 6-mm pupil, the total HOA, spherical, and comatic aberrations RMS increased by 3, 9, and 2 times, respectively, after ortho-k treatment. Similar to the findings of Joslin et al 31 and Chen et al, 15 primary spherical aberration (Z 0 4 ) and horizontal coma (Z 1 3 ) were the most affected individual Zernike coefficients. The increase in positive spherical aberration has been previ- ously attributed to the nature of corneal asphericity, as the reverse geometry ortho-k lens flattens the central cornea and changes its shape from prolate to oblate, whereas the increase in comatic aberrations is associated with lens decentration, similar to the change in HOA observed with a decentered LASIK treatment zone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Changes in total ocular spherical aberration RMS or spherical aberration RMS plateau over time in comparison with changes in corneal spherical aberration, 13,14 potentially due to compensatory changes in shape or thickness of the crystalline lens. 11,15 Hence, analyzing corneal HOA only may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of HOA on axial elongation, whereas ocular HOA would more closely reflect the quality of the retinal image. 16 In addition, this study 12 may be underpowered due to the small sample size (n = 29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Higher-Order Aberrations and Axial Elongation in Myopic Children Treated With Orthokeratology

Lau

Vincent

Cheung

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Lau JK, Vincent SJ, Cheung S-W, Cho P. Higher-order aberrations and axial elongation in myopic children treated with orthokeratology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(2):22. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs. 61.2.22 PURPOSE. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between ocular higher-order aberrations (HOA) and axial eye growth in young myopic children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho-k) treatment. METHODS.Axial length and ocular HOA, measured under cycloplegia annually over a 2year period from the right eyes of myopic children, who previously completed ortho-k clinical trials, were retrieved. Linear mixed model analyses were applied to determine the association between ocular HOA, other known confounding variables (age, sex, and refractive error), and axial eye growth. RESULTS.Data from 103 subjects were analyzed. The root-mean square (RMS) values of total ocular HOA (third to sixth orders combined), spherical (Z 0 4 and Z 0 6 combined), and comatic (Z −1 3 , Z 1 3 , Z −1 5 , and Z 1 5 combined) aberrations increased by approximately 3, 9, and 2 times, respectively, after 2 years of ortho-k treatment. After adjusting for age, sex, and refractive error, higher RMS values of total HOA and spherical aberrations were associated with both longer axial length and slower axial elongation (all P < 0.01). For individual Zernike term coefficients, a higher level of positive spherical aberration (Z 0 4 ) was also associated with longer axial length and slower axial elongation (both P < 0.01), after adjusting for baseline HOA. CONCLUSIONS.Ortho-k for myopia control significantly increases the Zernike coefficients and therefore the RMS values for a range of total ocular HOA terms or metrics in children. These findings suggest the potential role of HOA, particularly spherical aberration, as the possible mechanism of slowing axial elongation in ortho-k treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Higher-Order Aberrations and Axial Elongation in Myopic Children Treated With Orthokeratology

Lau

Vincent

Cheung

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Wearing OK lenses overnight reduces the need for patients to wear contact lenses or spectacles in the daytime [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, OK lenses can cause higher-order aberrations and lowered contrast sensitivity [ 31 , 32 ]. Regardless of the side effects elicited by OK lenses, the use of OK lenses for control of myopia is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effects of Orthokeratology and Atropine in Slowing the Progression of Myopia

Wan

Wei

Chen

et al. 2018

JCM

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Atropine and orthokeratology (OK) are both effective in slowing the progression of myopia. In the current study, we studied the combined effects of atropine and OK lenses on slowing the progression of myopia. This retrospective study included 84 patients who wore OK lenses and received atropine treatment (OA) and 95 patients who wore OK lenses alone (OK) for 2 years. We stratified patients into low (<6 D, LM) and high (≥6 D, HM) myopia groups, as well as two different atropine concentrations (0.125% and 0.025%). Significantly better LM control was observed in OA1 patients, compared with OK1 patients. Axial length was significantly shorter in the OA1 group (24.67 ± 1.53 mm) than in the OK1 group (24.9 ± 1.98 mm) (p = 0.042); similarly, it was shorter in the OA2 group (24.73 ± 1.53 mm) than in the OK2 group (25.01 ± 1.26 mm) (p = 0.031). For the HM patients, OA3 patients compared with OK3 patients, axial length was significantly shorter in the OA3 group (25.78 ± 1.46 mm) than in the OK3 group (25.93 ± 1.94 mm) (p = 0.021); similarly, it was shorter in the OA4 patients (25.86 ± 1.21 mm) than in the OK4 patients (26.05 ± 1.57 mm) (p = 0.011). Combined treatment with atropine and OK lenses would be a choice of treatment to control the development of myopia.

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“…Kang et al attempted to alter corneal HOAs by changing the optic zone diameter (from 6 mm to 5 mm) and the peripheral tangent (from ¼ to ½) while controlling for lens centration and refractive correction; however, no significant difference in spherical aberration (

Z_{4}^{0}

) was found. Chen et al also hypothesised that modifying the lens diameter may be useful to alter the HOA profile, particularly vertical coma, but to date no studies have systematically examined the effect of total lens diameter on the changes induced in corneal optics.…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of orthokeratology compression factor on ocular higher‐order aberrations

Lau

Vincent

Cheung

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background To investigate the influence of compression factor upon changes in ocular higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) in young myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment. Methods Subjects aged between six and < 11 years, with low myopia (0.50–4.00 D inclusive), low astigmatism (≤ 1.25 D), and anisometropia (≤ 1.00 D), were randomly assigned to wear orthokeratology lenses of different compression factors in each eye (one eye 0.75 D and the fellow eye 1.75 D). HOAs were measured weekly over one month of lens wear. Wavefront analysis was conducted over a 5‐mm pupil using a sixth order Zernike polynomial expansion. Linear mixed models were used to examine the individual Zernike co‐efficients and specific root‐mean‐square (RMS) error (spherical, comatic, total HOAs) metrics and their changes between the two eyes during the study period. Results Twenty‐eight myopic (mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction: −2.10 ± 0.58 D) children (median [range] age: 9.3 [7.8–11.0] years) were analysed. Significant interocular differences in HOAs at baseline were observed for Z6−6 and Z6−4 only (both p < 0.05). During the lens wear period, eyes fitted with the increased compression factor showed greater changes in primary spherical aberration (Z40, p = 0.04) and RMS values for spherical and total HOAs (both p < 0.01). Considering data from both eyes together, after adjusting for the paired nature of the data, some other Zernike terms (Z31 and Z60, both p < 0.01) and the RMS value of comatic aberrations (p < 0.001) significantly increased after one month of orthokeratology treatment. The increase in primary spherical aberration (Z40) was positively correlated with the reduction in spherical equivalent refractive error, but only in eyes fitted with the increased compression factor (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Conclusions Increasing the orthokeratology compression factor by 1.00 D significantly altered some HOAs, particularly spherical aberration. Given the association between positive spherical aberration and eye growth in children, further research investigating the influence of orthokeratology compression factor on axial eye growth is warranted.

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Interaction between Corneal and Internal Ocular Aberrations Induced by Orthokeratology and Its Influential Factors

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Higher-Order Aberrations and Axial Elongation in Myopic Children Treated With Orthokeratology

Higher-Order Aberrations and Axial Elongation in Myopic Children Treated With Orthokeratology

The Synergistic Effects of Orthokeratology and Atropine in Slowing the Progression of Myopia

The influence of orthokeratology compression factor on ocular higher‐order aberrations

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