Interaction between gas exchange rates, physical and microbiological properties in soils recently subjected to agriculture

Aon, Miguel A.; Sarena, Daniel; Burgos, José Luis; Cortassa, Sonia

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00191-x

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The observation of lower VLP abundance in managed agricultural soils mirrors previous reports correlating tillage practices and soil organic matter with microbial abundance (3,4,24). In the present study, bacterial abundance was significantly lower and the virus-to-bacterium ratio was significantly higher in the agricultural soils than in the forested soils (P Ͻ 0.01) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Williamson

Radosevich

Wommack

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

259

199

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The importance of viruses in marine microbial ecology has been established over the past decade. Specifically, viruses influence bacterial abundance and community composition through lysis and alter bacterial genetic diversity through transduction and lysogenic conversion. By contrast, the abundance and distribution of viruses in soils are almost completely unknown. This study describes the abundance and diversity of autochthonous viruses in six Delaware soils: two agricultural soils, two coastal plain forest soils, and two piedmont forest soils. Viral abundance was measured using epifluorescence microscopy, while viral diversity was assessed from morphological data obtained through transmission electron microscopy. Extracted soil virus communities were dominated by bacteriophages that demonstrated a wide range of capsid diameters (20 nm to 160 nm) and morphologies, including filamentous forms and phages with elongated capsids. The reciprocal Simpson's index suggests that forest soils harbor more diverse assemblages of viruses, particularly in terms of morphological distribution. Repeated extractions of virus-like particles (VLPs) from soils indicated that the initial round of extraction removes approximately 70% of extractable viruses. Higher VLP abundances were observed in forest soils (1.31 ؋ 10 9 to 4.17 ؋ 10 9 g ؊1 dry weight) than in agricultural soils (8.7 ؋ 10 8 to 1.1 ؋ 10 9 g ؊1 dry weight). Soil VLP abundance was significantly correlated to moisture content (r ‫؍‬ 0.988) but not to soil texture. Land use (agricultural or forested) was significantly correlated to both bacterial (r ‫؍‬ 0.885) and viral (r ‫؍‬ 0.812) abundances, as were soil organic matter and water content. Thus, land use is a significant factor influencing viral abundance and diversity in soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Williamson

Radosevich

Wommack

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

259

199

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“…Low RQ values were reported for the incubation of acidic soils from Argentina (0.27-0.65; Aon et al, 2001) and from Germany (Dilly, 2001; < 0.5 for some soils). In the latter soils the RQ increased to ∼ 1.0 immediately after glucose addition and reached ∼ 1.3 with time.…”

Section: Relationships Between Co 2 and O 2 In Low-ph Soilsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Using O<sub>2</sub> to study the relationships between soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and soil respiration

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Soil respiration is the sum of respiration processes in the soil and is a major flux in the global carbon cycle. It is usually assumed that the CO 2 efflux is equal to the soil respiration rate. Here we challenge this assumption by combining measurements of CO 2 with high-precision measurements of O 2 . These measurements were conducted on different ecosystems and soil types and included measurements of air samples taken from the soil profile of three Mediterranean sites: a temperate forest and two alpine forests. Rootfree soils from the alpine sites were also incubated in the lab. We found that the ratio between the CO 2 efflux and the O 2 influx (defined as apparent respiratory quotient, ARQ) was in the range of 0.14 to 1.23 and considerably deviated from the value of 0.9 ± 0.1 expected from the elemental composition of average plants and soil organic matter. At the Mediterranean sites, these deviations are explained as a result of CO 2 dissolution in the soil water and transformation to bicarbonate ions in these high-pH soils, as well as by carbonate mineral dissolution and precipitation processes. Thus, a correct estimate of the short-term, chamber-based biological respiratory flux in such soils can only be made by dividing the measured soil CO 2 efflux by the average (efflux-weighted) soil profile ARQ. Applying this approach to a semiarid pine forest resulted in an estimated short-term biological respiration rate that is 3.8 times higher than the chamber-measured surface CO 2 . The ARQ values often observed in the more acidic soils were unexpectedly low (< 0.7). These values probably result from the oxidation of reduced iron, which has been formed previously during times of high soil moisture and local anaerobic conditions inside soil aggregates. The results reported here provide direct quantitative evidence of a large temporal decoupling between soil-gas exchange fluxes and biological soil respiration.

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“…The microbial activity below the ground is not uniform and soil respiration process is a function of bacterial and fungal abundance in the soil [30]. However, fungal population is more responsible to CO 2 emission than bacterial population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Variation in Soil Carbon Emission in Sub-Tropics

Kant¹,

Ghosh²

2012

ACS

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Carbon dioxide emission from soil, known as soil respiration, is one of the major sources of the atmospheric carbon. Understanding the relationship between emission rate and the factors associated with the emission process is important in global carbon emission management. The present study investigated soil respiration at three ecologically diverse locations in northern India. CO 2 emission was measured in-situ by modified alkali absorption method at three different depths, top-soil (0 cm -2 cm depth), mid-soil (20 cm depth) and deep-soil (40 cm depth) at each location. Rate of carbon emission from soil varied with location and time. The rate was higher at Riverine Zone (RZ) which had high soil moisture content and profuse ground vegetation compared to Hilly Zone (HZ) containing dry soil and scarce vegetation. The emission rate was also greater in grassland than the plantation area. Rate of carbon emission from soil was heterogeneous along different depths below the ground. Diel variation in emission rate was greater at HZ compared to RZ. Higher microbial population in soil was detected in RZ than HZ. However, the bacterial count out-numbered the fungal count in soils at most places. The study indicates a positive relationship between soil respiration rate and microbial abundance. The fungal population was strongly correlated with CO 2 emission rate.

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Interaction between gas exchange rates, physical and microbiological properties in soils recently subjected to agriculture

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Using O<sub>2</sub> to study the relationships between soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and soil respiration

Asymmetric Variation in Soil Carbon Emission in Sub-Tropics

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Interaction between gas exchange rates, physical and microbiological properties in soils recently subjected to agriculture

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Abundance and Diversity of Viruses in Six Delaware Soils

Using O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to study the relationships between soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux and soil respiration

Asymmetric Variation in Soil Carbon Emission in Sub-Tropics

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Using O<sub>2</sub> to study the relationships between soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and soil respiration