Interaction between trouble sleeping and diabetes on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in adults results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018

Abstract

Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), trouble sleeping, and diabetes, as major public health problems, were closely related. The study examined the interaction between trouble sleeping and diabetes on MAFLD and liver fibrosis in adults with MAFLD. Methods The data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Multivariate logistic regression model and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between either trouble sleeping or diabetes on MAFLD and liver fibrosis. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) were utilized to assess the additive interaction. Results Ultimately, 3747 participants were included, with 2229 known MAFLD subjects. Compared with participants without diabetes, those with diabetes had a higher risk of MAFLD [odds ratio (OR) = 5.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.07–7.56] and liver fibrosis risk (OR = 3.61; 95% CI = 2.67–4.89). We also found a significant association of trouble sleeping with an increased risk of MAFLD (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.17–2.02) and liver fibrosis risk (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.06–2.16), compared with those without trouble sleeping. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between diabetes and trouble sleeping on MAFLD [RERI = 1.76 (95% CI: −0.22 to 3.73), AP = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.08–0.63), S = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.02–3.16)] and liver fibrosis risk [RERI = 1.79 (95% CI: 0.37–3.21), AP = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20–0.69), S = 2.44 (95% CI: 1.18–5.08)]. Conclusion The findings highlight that trouble sleeping and diabetes had a synergistic effect on MAFLD and liver cirrhosis. The study highlights the importance of addressing both trouble sleeping and diabetes management in adults to mitigate the risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis.