Interaction of technical and technological factors on qualitative and energy/ecological/economic indicators in the production and processing of thermally modified merbau wood

Ditommaso, Gianluca; Gaff, Milan; Kačík, František; Síkora, Adam; Sethy, Anil Kumar; Corleto, Roberto; Razaei, Fatemeh; Kaplan, Lukáš; Kubš, Jiří; Das, Sumanta; Kamboj, Gourav; Gašparík, Miroslav; Šedivka, Přemysl; Hýsek, Štěpán; Macků, Jan; Sedlecký, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119793

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the deformability of composites decreases with an increase in fiber volume. Natural fibers can be processed up to 200 • C for producing NBCs without fiber degradation [113]. A temperature exceeding this range may result in poor performances due to changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties through oxidation, depolymerization, recrystallization, decarboxylation, dehydration, and hydrolysis [114].…”

Section: Preparation Of Bcs and Nbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Natural Fiber Polymeric Nanobiocomposites: A Review

2020

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Composite materials reinforced with biofibers and nanomaterials are becoming considerably popular, especially for their light weight, strength, exceptional stiffness, flexural rigidity, damping property, longevity, corrosion, biodegradability, antibacterial, and fire-resistant properties. Beside the traditional thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, nanoparticles are also receiving attention in terms of their potential to improve the functionality and mechanical performances of biocomposites. These remarkable characteristics have made nanobiocomposite materials convenient to apply in aerospace, mechanical, construction, automotive, marine, medical, packaging, and furniture industries, through providing environmental sustainability. Nanoparticles (TiO2, carbon nanotube, rGO, ZnO, and SiO2) are easily compatible with other ingredients (matrix polymer and biofibers) and can thus form nanobiocomposites. Nanobiocomposites are exhibiting a higher market volume with the expansion of new technology and green approaches for utilizing biofibers. The performances of nanobiocomposites depend on the manufacturing processes, types of biofibers used, and the matrix polymer (resin). An overview of different natural fibers (vegetable/plants), nanomaterials, biocomposites, nanobiocomposites, and manufacturing methods are discussed in the context of potential application in this review.

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Section: Preparation Of Bcs and Nbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Natural Fiber Polymeric Nanobiocomposites: A Review

2020

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“…Berg) (density-615 kg•m −3 ) were harvested in Myanmar and Gabon, respectively [14,16]. Wood samples with the dimensions 20 × 20 × 300 mm (T × R × L) were modified at the temperatures of 160 • C, 180 • C and 210 • C in an open system thermal modification chamber (Type S400/03, LAC Ltd., Rajhrad, Czech Republic) following the ThermoWood process [21]. Untreated (reference, denoted as 20 • C) and thermally modified samples were ground to sawdust and extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus with a mixture of ethanol and toluene according to the ASTM D1107-96 standard [22].…”

Section: Wood Thermal Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Thermal Treatment on Structural Changes of Teak and Iroko Wood Lignins

et al. 2020

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Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly method to improve dimensional stability, durability, and aesthetic properties of wood. Changes in lignin as one of the main wood components markedly influence wood product properties and recycling possibilities of thermowood at the end of its life cycle. Teak and iroko wood samples were thermally treated at the temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C and 210 °C following the Thermowood process. Dioxane lignin was isolated from treated and untreated wood and analysed by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The yields of both acid-insoluble and dioxane lignins increased with an increasing treatment temperature. Dioxane lignins are GS-types containing more guaiacyl units compared to syringyl ones with S/G ratios of 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. In the process of thermal modification, several degradation and condensation reactions were observed. The cleavage of methoxyl groups and side chains, oxidation reactions, cleavage of the β-O-4 ether linkage and cross-linking radicals arising at higher temperatures were all confirmed. However, during the thermal treatment, teak lignin changed in a different way than iroko lignin, e.g., the molecular weight of iroko lignin decreased at all applied temperatures while it increased at 180 °C and 210 °C in teak lignin, and the change in S/G ratio and the cleavage of alkyl-aryl bonds are different in both wood species.

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“…Although heat-treated wood exhibits some improved properties [ 18 ], e.g., hydrophobicity, dimensional stability, decay resistance, and darker colour, however, some mechanical properties deteriorate due to the heat treatment [ 19 ]. The bending strength properties for keruing ( Dipterocarpus spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Meranti, Padauk, and Merbau Wood Lignin during the ThermoWood Process

et al. 2021

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Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly process in which technological properties of wood are modified using thermal energy without adding chemicals, the result of which is a value-added product. Wood samples of three tropical wood species (meranti, padauk, and merbau) were thermally treated according to the ThermoWood process at various temperatures (160, 180, 210 °C) and changes in isolated lignin were evaluated by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). New data on the lignins of the investigated wood species were obtained, e.g., syringyl to guaiacyl ratio values (S/G) were 1.21, 1.70, and 3.09, and molecular weights were approx. 8600, 4300, and 8300 g·mol−1 for meranti, padauk, and merbau, respectively. Higher temperatures cause a decrease of methoxyls and an increase in C=O groups. Simultaneous degradation and condensation reactions in lignin occur during thermal treatment, the latter prevailing at higher temperatures.

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Interaction of technical and technological factors on qualitative and energy/ecological/economic indicators in the production and processing of thermally modified merbau wood

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Potential Natural Fiber Polymeric Nanobiocomposites: A Review

Potential Natural Fiber Polymeric Nanobiocomposites: A Review

The Impact of Thermal Treatment on Structural Changes of Teak and Iroko Wood Lignins

Changes of Meranti, Padauk, and Merbau Wood Lignin during the ThermoWood Process

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