Interaction Phenomena between Dental Implants and Bone Tissue in Case of Misfit: A Pilot Study

Abstract

The biomechanical response of cortical and trabecular bone tissues represents a fundamental aspect for the interpretation of the functional response of dental implants. In the case of misfit, the interaction phenomena occurring within the surgical and the subsequent healing phases must be interpreted primarily in the light of the response of bone tissue. This is influenced by the specific loadings induced, characterized by intensity and variable trends. The pilot study reported, which intentionally refers to a simple case of a two-implants frame, is addressed to define the method to approach the biomechanical investigation of the problem and to attest the necessity to integrate clinical competences with biomechanical analysis for interpreting different aspects of osseointegration. The action induced in cortical and trabecular bone regions depending on the implant frame conformation, the surgical procedure adopted, the varying condition at the bone–implant interface and the evolutionary trend of healing are the principal aspects to be considered to evaluate the osseointegration process. The biomechanical reliability of the specific implant frame is investigated in terms of bone–implant interaction by means of numerical models. This approach can offer valid information and support clinical practice under the fundamental condition that bone biomechanical behavior is properly characterized and represented in the model, in spite of the complex formulation to be adopted.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a Premaxillary Device: A New Type of Subperiosteal Implant to Treat Severe Atrophy of the Maxilla

“…The elastic properties (elastic modulus and hardness) of the bone in contact with the implant play a fundamental role in determining the stability and success of the implant. In this regard, several publications have described the mechanical properties of cortical and spongy bone, but there are few studies in the literature regarding the characteristics of basal bone [ 11 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, through knowledge of the density and using mathematical relationships, it was possible to determine the value of the stiffness.…”

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Stress and Strain Distribution in Cone-Morse Implant–Abutment Connection Implants Placed Equicrestally and Subcrestally

“…Typical Young's modulus values for cortical bone can range from 13 to 20 GPa, while for trabecular bone the range is from 0.1 to 4 GPa. Conversely, Poisson's modulus for both types of bone can be considered around 0.3 [1][2][3]. Representing cortical and trabecular bone as isotropic materials could allow the simplification of modelling and analysis within FEA study; however, it is important to emphasize the complex biological nature of the bone and that its structure and mechanical properties could vary even within the same individual.…”

“…The cortical bone is the outermost and most compact region of the bone, forming a protective layer around the inner trabecular bone. Instead, the trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone or cancellous bone, is a porous framework composed of bony trabeculae creating a threedimensional network [2]. In the context of a FEA model, cortical bone is represented as a more rigid and stronger material, while trabecular bone is considered more flexible and The accuracy of results proved to be strongly dependent on the convergence…”

“…However, in some cases, it is possible to 2 of 14 observe a resorption of the bone. The causes of this are not yet completely known, but are in all probability related to a multitude of different factors, i.e., reformation of the biological width, presence of a bacterial infiltration at the implant-abutment micro-gap level, implant overloading, peri-implantitis, relative micromovements, peri-implant bone density, peri-implant soft tissue phenotype, surgical trauma during implant insertion, inter-implant distance, surface structure, and implant neck or abutment characteristics and macro-design [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A relevant role is certainly held by the presence of a bacterial reservoir at the level of the voids present in the implant-abutment junction (IAJ) after the insertion of the abutment into the implant [9][10][11].…”

Toward Digital Twin Development for Implant Placement Planning Using a Parametric Reduced-Order Model

“…However, resorption of the bone and other medical complications have been observed in some cases. These issues can be attributed to factors such as trauma during implant surgery, bacterial infiltration in the micro gap, and tissue deformation around the implant [11][12][13]. Many clinical trials are currently underway to solve this problem [14,15].…”