Interactions between dietary carbohydrate and thiamine: implications on the growth performance and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobrama amblycephala

Abstract

A 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of thiamine on growth performance and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (24.73 ± 0.45 g) were randomly assigned one of four diets; two carbohydrate levels (30 and 45%) and two thiamine levels (0 and 1.5 mg kg-1). HC diets significantly decreased DGC, GRMBW, FIMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, lipase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complex I, III and IV, intestinal microvilli length, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK/T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, TFAM, Opa-1, ND-1 and COX-1 and 2, while the opposite was true for ATP, AMP and ROS, and the transcriptions of Drp-1, Fis-1 and Mff. Dietary thiamine concentrations significantly increased DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complex I and IV, intestinal microvilli length, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK/T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, ND-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Furthermore, a significant interaction between dietary carbohydrate and thiamine was observed in DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, CK, complex I and IV, ΔΨm, the AMP/ATP ratio, the P-AMPK/T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Overall, thiamine supplementation improved growth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed HC diets.

The Effectiveness of Four Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Precursors in Alleviating the High-Glucose-Induced Damage to Hepatocytes in Megalobrama amblycephala: Evidence in NAD+ Homeostasis, Sirt1/3 Activation, Redox Defense, Inflammatory Response, Apoptosis, and Glucose Metabolism

“…The 2 −∆∆Ct method was adopted to calculate the relative transcription with elongation factor 1α (ef1a) used as the housekeeping gene. The high expression stability of ef1a in M. amblycephala was demonstrated in a recent study [32]. Moreover, the sequences of primers used in the current study are listed in Table 1.…”

Integration of microRNA and mRNA analyses depicts the potential roles of Momordica charantia saponin administration in insulin resistance of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with a high-starch diet

“…Nowadays, the accelerated development in next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a new train of thought and method for a deeper comprehension of the specific mechanism of fish response to high-glucose intake or high-carbohydrate diets at a molecular level. Analogously, the mechanism of functional nutrient material regulating fish carbohydrate metabolism has been still maintained at physiological and biochemical levels ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). Herein, this study emphasized to describe the typical differences in miRNA-seq and RNA-seq for common carp, which were, respectively, fed with high-starch diets and high-starch diets containing Momordica charantia saponins.…”

Oral administration of wild plant‐derived minerals and red ginseng ameliorates insulin resistance in fish through different pathways

“…In order to improve the utilization rate of carbohydrates contained in diets in a true sense, it is also necessary to increase the rate of glucose uptake in the digestive tract. The activating of SGLT, GLUT1, and Na‐K‐ATPase are required for this upregulation (SGLT for the former and of GLUT1 and Na‐K‐ATPase for the latter; Xu et al, 2022 ).…”