Interactions between prostasomes and leukocytes

Arienti, Giuseppe; Carlini, E. A.; Saccardi, Carla; Palmerini, Carlo Alberto

doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00047-6

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, the TF activity registered in whole blood of prostate cancer patients might be prostasome-derived. On the other hand, it is not a matter of course that these prostasomes appear as free organelles in blood plasma, since they occur associated to leukocytes as indicated previously [162], which concurs with our findings in addition to their association to erythrocytes. This study suggests a major role for prostasomes in thrombotic events that may occur in advanced prostate cancer favoring prostate cancer growth and development.…”

Section: H Procoagulant Effect Of Prostasomes and Overexpression Of supporting

confidence: 94%

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

Babiker¹,

Ronquist²,

Nilsson³

et al. 2010

TOPCANJ

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Prostasomes are extracellularly occurring submicron, membrane-surrounded organelles produced by the epithelial cells of the prostate and present in semen after secretion. Even dedifferentiated prostate cancer cells have preserved their ability to produce and export prostasomes to the extracellular space. The precise physiological role of prostasomes is not known, although some of their properties assign them to important physiological and patho-physiological functions that could be exploited in prostate cancer growth and development. In this review, some new properties of seminal and malignant cell line (DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP) prostasomes will be discussed.There are typical differences in the expressions and activities of prostasomal CD59, ATPase, protein kinases and tissue factor (TF) as well as in the transfer of prostasomal CD59 to CD59-deficient erythrocytes (rabbit and human PNH erythrocytes). CD59, protein kinases and TF exhibit characteristic patterns of overexpression by malignant cell prostasomes. A high ATPase activity is recognized on seminal prostasomes with minimal activity on malignant cell prostasomes resulting in more residual ATP available for phosphorylation reactions. Several proteins are phosphorylated by prostasomal protein kinases, namely, complement component C3, fibrinogen, vitronectin and E-cadherin. Furthermore, TF is identified as the main endogenous phosphorylation substrate on prostasomes. In addition, prothrombotic effects of prostasomes are demonstrated. DU145 and PC-3 cell-derived prostasomes exert a higher clotting effect on whole blood and plasma compared to LNCaP cell-derived and seminal prostasomes.In conclusion, malignant cell prostasomes show an increased ability to interact with the biological system in favor of prostate cancer cell promotion and survival. The roles played by prostasomes in this context may improve the understanding of the mechanisms that help the prostate cancer cells to avoid the complement attack (CD59 transfer and phosphorylation and inactivation of C3), to promote angiogenesis (TF) and to metastasize. It may also provide a better understanding of some of the complications usually seen in some terminal prostate cancer patients like thrombotic events and tendency to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation.Keywords: ATPase, CD59, CK, complement, DU145, Extracellular phosphorylation, LNCaP, PC-3, PKA, PKC, prostasomes, prostate cancer, protein kinases, tissue factor. I. GENERAL BACKGROUND A. Prostate CancerProstate cancer is the most prevalent noncutaneous cancer in many of the Western countries and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in USA [1]. The introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the latter half of 1980s as a biochemical marker of prostate cancer in serum signified a radical change of the pattern of prostate cancer diagnosis. It meant that more cases were detected at an early stage and substantially fewer at advanced stages [2] [3]. There are also studies showing that increasing incidence of prostate can...

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Section: H Procoagulant Effect Of Prostasomes and Overexpression Of supporting

confidence: 94%

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

Babiker¹,

Ronquist²,

Nilsson³

et al. 2010

TOPCANJ

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“…Arienti et al 18 have also shown that prostasomes interact with leucocytes. Their fluorescence studies demonstrated that prostasomes adhered to, rather than fully integrated with, the leucocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It has been demonstrated that prostasomes fuse with spermatozoa resulting in the loss of identifiable discrete prostasomal particles, 18 resulting in the transfer of enzyme activity, 19,20 altered membrane fluidity, 21 and changes in the acrosome reaction. 2 This work has shown that these interactions are favoured at slightly acidic conditions: it occurs optimally at pH 5.0-5.5, and is abolished by pH 8.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by prostasomes

Delves

Stewart²,

Lwaleed

et al. 2005

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Prostasomes are biologically active organelles that are secreted by human prostate epithelial cells, and it is believed that they have a role in prostatic disease. We studied the effect of prostasomes on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)/Matrigel model of angiogenesis, and the association of labelled prostasomes with HUVECs. The growth inhibitory effect of prostasomes on HUVECs was assayed by spectrophotometric measurement of residual biomass. Preparations of HUVECs on a Matrigel base were exposed to prostasomes, and the development of capillary-like networks was quantified. Prostasomes were labelled with PKH-26, and cultured with HUVECs. Prostasomes were not shown to have a significant effect on HUVEC survival. Angiogenesis assays showed inhibition. The PKH-26-labelled particles were shown to have adhered to the HUVECs. This study adds the inhibition of an in vitro correlate of angiogenesis to the known actions of prostasomes.

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“…The fusion appears to be specific for spermatozoa because it does not occur with lymphocytes [50], probably due to the necessary proteins, not yet identified. Other cell types have not been tested.…”

Section: Prostasome To Spermatozoa Fusionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of human prostasomes in the activation of spermatozoa

Arienti¹,

Carlini²,

Saccardi

et al. 2004

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Prostasomes are small vesicles of prostatic origin contained in human semen. Their composition is peculiar under many aspects. Cholesterol is abundant and many proteins are endowed with enzymatic or other activities. The function of prostasomes has been amply debated and several hypotheses have been put forward. The liquefaction of semen, spermatozoa motility, antibacterial activity and immunological functions have been related to prostasomes. Under certain aspects, prostasomes resemble synaptosomes. The fusion of prostasomes to spermatozoa enriches spermatozoa with cholesterol and causes bursts of cytoplasmic sperm calcium. The interaction of spermatozoa and prostasomes should be limited to vagina since prostasomes are immobile and do not follow spermatozoa in the superior female genital tract. Calcium bursts would increase spermatozoa motility, where cholesterol would decapacitate spermatozoa, so preventing untimely activation. Since spermatozoa receive many different molecules from prostasomes, additional effects are also possible. Prostasomes makes spermatozoa more apt to be activated by progesterone in the proximity of the ovum. Therefore, the fusion between spermatozoa and prostasomes would influence spermatozoa behaviour under many aspects and might be relevant for fecundation. The richness of molecular species in prostasomes is amazing and these small vesicles are expected to lead to many more discoveries in the field of human reproduction.

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Interactions between prostasomes and leukocytes

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by prostasomes

Role of human prostasomes in the activation of spermatozoa

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