Interactions between short and long noncoding RNAs

Abstract

It is now evident that noncoding RNAs play key roles in regulatory networks determining cell fate and behavior, in a myriad of different conditions, and across all species. Among these noncoding RNAs are short RNAs, such as MicroRNAs, snoRNAs, and Piwi-interacting RNAs, and the functions of those are relatively well understood. Other noncoding RNAs are longer, and their modes of action and functions are also increasingly explored and deciphered. Short RNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with each other with reciprocal consequences for their fates and functions. LncRNAs serve as precursors for many types of small RNAs and, therefore, the pathways for small RNA biogenesis can impinge upon the fate of lncRNAs. In addition, lncRNA expression can be repressed by small RNAs, and lncRNAs can affect small RNA activity and abundance through competition for binding or by triggering small RNA degradation. Here, I review the known types of interactions between small and long RNAs, discuss their outcomes, and bring representative examples from studies in mammals.

Small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response negatively relates to poor prognosis and controls hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating microRNA‐5581‐3p/human cardiolipin synthase 1

“…*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. CRLS1: cardiolipin synthase 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] expression post-transcriptionally through acting as ceRNAs to sponge or inhibit miRNA so as to release and upregulate miRNAs-targeted mRNAs Ulitsky, 2018). For instance, lncRNA UICLM aggravates colorectal cancer liver metastasis through functioning as a ceRNA of ZEB2 via sponging miRNA-215 (Chen et al, 2017).…”

A guide to naming human non‐coding RNA genes

“…the abundant lncRNA NORAD sequesters PUM1 and PUM2 proteins (Lee et al, 2016;Tichon et al, 2016); GAS5 binds to the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 thus preventing its binding to glucocorticoid response elements in promoters (Kino et al, 2010). There are many papers on the binding and sequestering of microRNAs by lncRNAs (Grüll & Massé, 2019) although there is some debate over whether lncRNAs would usually be at high enough levels within cells to effectively compete for microRNAs (Ulitsky, 2018).…”

Noncoding RNA in Liver Regeneration—From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

“…81 Another level of complexity in regulation is provided by networks formed between miRNAs and lncRNAs. 82,83 miRNAs Involved in Liver Regeneration Many miRNAs are changed stepwise during liver regeneration after PHx. 84 Most miRNAs are upregulated within the first 3 to 18 hours after PHx, followed by significant downregulation of at least 70% of miRNAs after 24 hours 85 (►Fig.…”