Rho-type small GTP-binding plant proteins function as two-state molecular switches in cellular signalling. There is accumulating evidence that RHO-OF-PLANTS (ROP) signalling is positively controlled by plant receptor kinases, through the ROP GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR proteins. These signalling modules regulate cell polarity, cell shape, hormone responses, and pathogen defence, among other things. Other ROP-regulatory proteins might also be subjected to protein phosphorylation by cellular
HighlightsVarious types of receptor-like kinases positively regulate ROP signalling.The receptor kinase-RopGEF-ROP signalling module is used in a wide variety of cellular processes. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 ROPs and their regulators are likely to be subjected to regulation by protein phosphorylation.ROPs might play a role in directly and indirectly activating downstream kinase signalling.