Interactive effect of elevated temperature and O3 on antioxidant capacity and gas exchange in Betula pendula saplings

Riikonen, Johanna; Mäenpää, Maarit; Alavillamo, Marjo; Silfver, Tarja; Oksanen, Elina

doi:10.1007/s00425-009-0957-8

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The increase in air temperature in the heated plots was on 105 average +0.88 °C, and thus close to the target of + 1 °C. However, according to leaf temperature 106 measurements by Possen et al (2015), leaf surface temperatures in the ambient temperature and 107 warming plots differed on average by +1.9 °C, which is comparable to an earlier field study in which 108 a similar warming system was employed (Riikonen et al 2009). 109…”

Section: The Experimental Setup and Leaf Sampling 77supporting

confidence: 53%

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

et al. 2017

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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) allocates substantial resources to the production of glandular trichomes. If these trichomes can protect trees from temperature and water stress, their production would be expected to increase under these conditions. We studied how glandular trichome density and number in the leaves of two-year-old silver birch plantlets respond to single and combined treatments of elevated temperature (+1 °C) and three different levels of soil moisture (low, normal, and excess watering). Moreover, we quantified the seasonal variation in trichome density in mature long-shoot leaves of young, greenhouse-grown silver birches. Our results demonstrate clear differences between responses of glandular trichomes on different leaf surfaces. On the adaxial leaf surface, both drought and elevated temperature reduced the production of glandular trichomes. Interestingly, this response was absent in plants subjected to the combined treatment. Glandular trichome production on the abaxial leaf surface increased considerably in leaves produced during the growing season, reflecting a seasonal trend. Maintaining a strong seasonal increase in trichome production of abaxial surfaces even in low-water conditions suggests an important, though still unknown, role for abaxial glandular trichomes. In silver birch stems, those trichomes are strongly responsible for herbivore defense.

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Section: The Experimental Setup and Leaf Sampling 77supporting

confidence: 53%

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

et al. 2017

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“…This may be due to a higher proportion of diffuse relative to direct solar radiation in OTCs (Leadley and Drake, 1993), which enhances photosynthetic efficiency in Arctic plant canopies (Williams et al, 2014). The observed higher P G is in agreement with B. pendula having greater photosynthesis at an elevated temperature (Riikonen et al, 2009;Hartikainen et al, 2012), but in contrast with a lack of OTC effects on B. nana net photosynthesis at saturating light after a 20-year-long experimental manipulation (Leffler et al, 2016). Evergreens seem even less responsive.…”

Section: Effects Of Otcssupporting

confidence: 44%

Leaf anatomy, BVOC emission and CO₂exchange of arctic plants following snow addition and summer warming

Schollert

Kivimäenpää

Michelsen

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Climate change in the Arctic is projected to increase temperature, precipitation and snowfall. This may alter leaf anatomy and gas exchange either directly or indirectly. Our aim was to assess whether increased snow depth and warming modify leaf anatomy and affect biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and CO 2 exchange of the widespread arctic shrubs Betula nana and Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum.Methods Measurements were conducted in a full-factorial field experiment in Central West Greenland, with passive summer warming by open-top chambers and snow addition using snow fences. Leaf anatomy was assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. BVOC emissions were measured using a dynamic enclosure system and collection of BVOCs into adsorbent cartridges analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Carbon dioxide exchange was measured using an infrared gas analyser.Key Results Despite a later snowmelt and reduced photosynthesis for B. nana especially, no apparent delays in the BVOC emissions were observed in response to snow addition. Only a few effects of the treatments were seen for the BVOC emissions, with sesquiterpenes being the most responsive compound group. Snow addition affected leaf anatomy by increasing the glandular trichome density in B. nana and modifying the mesophyll of E. hermaphroditum. The open-top chambers thickened the epidermis of B. nana, while increasing the glandular trichome density and reducing the palisade:spongy mesophyll ratio in E. hermaphroditum.Conclusions Leaf anatomy was modified by both treatments already after the first winter and we suggest links between leaf anatomy, CO 2 exchange and BVOC emissions. While warming is likely to reduce soil moisture, melt water from a deeper snow pack alleviates water stress in the early growing season. The study emphasizes the ecological importance of changes in winter precipitation in the Arctic, which can interact with climate-warming effects.

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“…1). The outcome is in accordance with the general responses to warming in deciduous trees (Kellomäki and Wang 2001;Kuokkanen et al 2004;Riikonen et al 2009). However, the emergence of leaves did not differ between the trees, even though defoliated trees grew in sites where the average thermal sum was about 30 d.d.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This is surprising, since previous studies confirm delays in leaf flush after severe foliage losses (e.g., Tuomi et al 1989). Nevertheless, it is known in birches that increased temperatures stimulate leaf production (see e.g., Riikonen et al 2009). Thus, the initiatory force for the leaf development in these subarctic deciduous trees may be due to the warmer summers since the late 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do warmer growing seasons ameliorate the recovery of mountain birches after winter moth outbreak?

Huttunen

Niemelä

Ossipov

et al. 2011

Trees

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Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forests in northern Fennoscandia have shown a slight recovery from recent severe defoliation by the winter moth (Operophtera brumata). This development in trees is hypothesized to be a result of ameliorated growing conditions through increased summer temperatures. We examined if accumulated thermal sum affects the ability of mountain birches to tolerate foliage losses. We quantified the number of leaf-bearing short shoots, the emergence of inflorescences and the seasonal height growth of long shoots in both intact and defoliated trees. We also determined the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in leaves and carbohydrates in roots. Our results show that defoliation constrained the growth of long shoots, as well as the emergence of inflorescences regardless of thermal sum accumulation. However, the number of leaf-bearing short shoots did not differ between intact and defoliated trees. In the both tree groups, the amounts of emerging leaves increased as a response to thermal sum accumulation. Also the leaf carbon concentration increased in defoliated trees at higher thermal sums, whereas it decreased in intact controls. Generally, the mean carbohydrate concentrations were greater in roots of defoliated than intact trees. However, with increased thermal sums, root carbohydrates increased in intact trees but remained the same in defoliated trees. We conclude that thermal sum accumulation does not greatly promote the recovery of mountain birches. Although the damaged trees produced more leaves at warmer growing sites, this did not increase their height growth or carbohydrate gain in roots.

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Interactive effect of elevated temperature and O3 on antioxidant capacity and gas exchange in Betula pendula saplings

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Leaf anatomy, BVOC emission and CO₂exchange of arctic plants following snow addition and summer warming

Do warmer growing seasons ameliorate the recovery of mountain birches after winter moth outbreak?

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Interactive effect of elevated temperature and O3 on antioxidant capacity and gas exchange in Betula pendula saplings

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Leaf anatomy, BVOC emission and CO2exchange of arctic plants following snow addition and summer warming

Do warmer growing seasons ameliorate the recovery of mountain birches after winter moth outbreak?

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Leaf anatomy, BVOC emission and CO₂exchange of arctic plants following snow addition and summer warming