Interactive live-streaming technologies and approaches for web-based applications

Abstract

Interactive live streaming is a key feature of applications and platforms in which the actions of the viewers affect the content of the stream. In those, a minimal capturedisplay delay is critical. Though recent technological advances have certainly made it possible to provide web-based interactive live-streaming, little research is available that compares the real-world performance of the different web-based schemes. In this paper we use educational remote laboratories as a case study. We analyze the restrictions that webbased interactive live-streaming applications have, such as a low delay. We also consider additional characteristics that are often sought in production systems, such as universality and deployability behind institutional firewalls. The paper describes and experimentally compares the most relevant approaches for the study. With the provided descriptions and real-world experimental results, researchers, designers and developers can: a) select among the interactive live-streaming approaches which are available for their real-world systems, b) decide which one is most appropriate for their purpose, and c) know what performance and results they can expect.

Archetypes of incumbents’ strategic responses to digital innovation

“…Although streaming as a technology refers to the process of delivering the media, the technology was first adopted by media and film industries, DVD rental would be part of. We further clarified this in the relevant section, where we now state: "In fact, although streaming refers more generally to the process of delivering the media, the technology was first adopted, and its benefits widely diffused, within media and film industries either on-demand or live mode (Salkintzis and Passas, 2005;Rodriguez-Gil and Orduña, 2018). As a result, companies such as Netflix could shift the delivery of their value proposition no longer through traditional rental schemes but instead via on-demand screening" (p. 16).…”

Improving the Scalability and Replicability of Embedded Systems Remote Laboratories Through a Cost-Effective Architecture

“…The most important requirements are, first, that it is fully web-based (no plugins or non-standard ports required) and second, that the latency is low. Specifically, the stream needs to have a low enough latency so as to be considered interactive [61]. This latency, also known as capture-render delay, should enable users to interact with the equipment while perceiving its response in close to real-time.…”

Smart hospital emergency system

“…Another requirement will be for the ability to instigate a video call from within the app to make both verbal and visual communication possible with an emergency operator, using webbased real-time Communication. For the reail-time live Communication we adopt Google WebRTC API [14,19] which support media sharing, including the transmission of video and voice along with other medical data, such as ECG. Based upon the issues outlined on patients side, we incorporate the following features in SHES mobile application (i.e., patient platform):…”

“…The app connected to the emergency and accident (E&A) units, thus, on user's side, they will be permit to send enquiries and requesting an ambulance, on the hospital side, doctors are able to respond to a patient's enquiry and send ambulance in case of emergency. In addition, the system will make use of new technologies such as WebRTC [14,19], which supports webbased video communication. The feature will enhance the system usability by providing built-in two-way communication between patients and doctors, to discuss urgent cases or provide them with first aid instruction remotely.…”