Interchangeable metal transfer phenomenon in GMA welding: Features, mechanisms, classification

Scotti, Américo; Ponomarev, V. D.; Lucas, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.05.022

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To reach this value, an electronic inverter power source and a matching wire feeder were used. To avoid oscillation of current around the target value and production of interchangeable metal transfer [17], the power source was set to operate in a constant current mode. Another advantage of using constant current mode rather than constant voltage mode is the fact that voltage becomes free.…”

Section: Methodology and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contribution to the study of negative polarity in GMA welding

Li¹,

Hurtig

Högström

et al. 2017

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) using the electrode with negative polarity (DCEN) has been frequently suggested as a potential means of increasing production capacity. The objective of this work was to further study the performance of negative polarity in GMAW of carbon steels. In this project phase, bead-on-plate welds were carried out in flat position to assess the effect of different potential shielding gas compositions on bead geometry, finishing and spattering. The characteristics were compared with DCEP at the same current, but depositing the same volume of material per unit of length (more industrial related comparison). The arc length was kept the same by adjusting voltage to reach shortest arcs, yet with suitable non short-circuiting metal transfer mode. An approach to measure bead convexity was also proposed and assessed. The results showed that DCEN is feasible as a means of increasing GMAW production capacity. However, to become DCEN applicable with GMAW, the results suggest an Ar-based blend with around 6.5% of O 2 is the most appropriate shielding gas, as much as that there is a demand for a standard electronic controlled power source able to work in constant current mode.

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Section: Methodology and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contribution to the study of negative polarity in GMA welding

Li¹,

Hurtig

Högström

et al. 2017

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the wire feeding rate remains the same, the heat input will vary when using different arc modes [90]. Another factor that affects mechanical properties of WAAM components is metal transfer mode, which leads to different rate of liquid droplet transfer, even though the wire feeding rate remains the same [120][121][122]. In this sense, Wang et al [90] studied the effects of arc modes on mechanical properties during wire arc additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steels: A Review

et al. 2020

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been considered as a promising technology for the production of large metallic structures with high deposition rates and low cost. Stainless steels are widely applied due to good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. This paper reviews the current status of stainless steel WAAM, covering the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defects related to different stainless steels and process parameters. Residual stress and distortion of the WAAM manufactured components are discussed. Specific WAAM techniques, material compositions, process parameters, shielding gas composition, post heat treatments, microstructure, and defects can significantly influence the mechanical properties of WAAM stainless steels. To achieve high quality WAAM stainless steel parts, there is still a strong need to further study the underlying physical metallurgy mechanisms of the WAAM process and post heat treatments to optimize the WAAM and heat treatment parameters and thus control the microstructure. WAAM samples often show considerable anisotropy both in microstructure and mechanical properties. The new in-situ rolling + WAAM process is very effective in reducing the anisotropy, which also can reduce the residual stress and distortion. For future industrial applications, fatigue properties, and corrosion behaviors of WAAMed stainless steels need to be deeply studied in the future. Additionally, further efforts should be made to improve the WAAM process to achieve faster deposition rates and better-quality control.

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“…Dentro del proceso GMAW se distinguen diferentes mecanismos de transferencia entre los cuales se encuentran el cortocircuito, globular y rocío (spray), donde estos dos últimos tienen la característica que la gota que se deprende del electrodo viaja por vuelo libre hacia el charco de soldadura. Dichos mecanismos de transferencia dependen de diferentes parámetros y características de proceso, de los cuales se destaca principalmente la corriente aplicada, la cual va determinar el tamaño y el número de gotas transferidas del electrodo hacia el charco de soldadura [1][2][3]. Sin embargo, debido al elevado número de variables interrelacionadas que involucra el proceso de soldadura, muchas de estas son seleccionadas de una forma empírica con base en experiencia práctica y estudios previos [4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Sin embargo, debido al elevado número de variables interrelacionadas que involucra el proceso de soldadura, muchas de estas son seleccionadas de una forma empírica con base en experiencia práctica y estudios previos [4]. De este modo, un buen ajuste y control de los parámetros es vital para el éxito del proceso, pues según su ajuste, puede dar como resultado diferentes mecanismos de transferencia metálica, que están relacionados con el rendimiento en que se deposita la gota de metal en el charco de fusión, de no ser así puede generar inestabilidad operacional del arco y por ende, una morfología del cordón de soldadura defectuosa o no deseada [2]. En los últimos años, se han venido desarrollando fuentes de energía con sistemas de control eléctrico y/o mecánicos, para el control y monitoreo de los parámetros; pero la implementación de estas tecnologías eleva los costos de producción, además de requerir un mantenimiento más especializado, y ser más complejas al momento de operarlas [5].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efectos de los Active Flux sobre Soldaduras GMAW Aplicadas a un Acero AISI/SAE 1020

2020

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Este es un artículo publicado en acceso (Open Access) abierto bajo la licencia Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite su uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, sin restricciones siempre que sin fines comerciales y que el trabajo original sea debidamente citado.Resumen: GMAW es uno de los procesos de soldadura más utilizados en la industria por su fácil utilización y automatización, lo que le da un excelente nivel de productividad y versatilidad. Una variante de este proceso, aún poco estudiada, es el A-GMAW (Active flux Gas Metal Arc Welding), que consiste en la adición de una fina capa de óxidos o haluros en polvo. El presente trabajo consistió en una evaluación de los efectos causados por la aplicación de flux de CaCO3 y SiO2 sobre la morfología del cordón, los parámetros operacionales y la estabilidad del proceso, en unas soldaduras GMAW aplicadas sobre un acero AISI/SAE 1020. Para esto se utilizó una fuente de soldadura operada en modo corriente constante y se hicieron ensayos pre-liminares donde se determinaron los valores de los parámetros a utilizar, los cuales se mantuvieron constantes durante todo el transcurso del trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los flux de CaCO3 y SiO2, sí tienen influencia en cambios morfológicos, como la penetración de la soldadura, e igualmente se observaron alteraciones en los modos de transferencia que gobernaban cada una de las soldaduras, así como en su estabilidad.Abstract: GMAW is one of the most used welding processes in the industry. It is easy to use and to automate, and these characteristics allow high productivity and versatility. Currently, a process variant known as "A-GMAW" (Active flux Gas Metal Arc Welding) has a characteristic that has not been widely studied, it consists on the addition of a thin layer of oxides or halides in powder on the base metal surface. This research aims to evaluate the effects caused by the application of "CaCO3 and SiO2 fluxes on the morphology of the weld bead, operating parameters and process stability. This analysis was carried out in GMAW welding applied on an AISI/SAE 1020 steel. The results show the significant effects of CaCO3 and SiO2 fluxes. These additives influence the morphology, such as the penetration of the weld, and changes were also observed in the transfer modes that governed each of the welds, likewise the stability of the process also presents alterations.

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Interchangeable metal transfer phenomenon in GMA welding: Features, mechanisms, classification

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

A contribution to the study of negative polarity in GMA welding

A contribution to the study of negative polarity in GMA welding

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steels: A Review

Efectos de los Active Flux sobre Soldaduras GMAW Aplicadas a un Acero AISI/SAE 1020

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