Interdiffusion of polymers across interfaces

Abstract

Neutron Reflection (NR) and Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (DSIMS) experiments were conducted on symmetrically deuterated polystyrene triblock bilayers (HDH/DHD) which directly probed the interdiffusion dynamics of the chains during welding. The HDH chains had their centers deuterated 50%, the DHD chains had their ends deuterated (25% at each end) such that each chain contained approximately 50% D. During welding, anisotropic motion of the chains produces a time‐dependent oscillation (ripple) in the H and D concentration at the interface, which bears the characteristic signature of the polymer dynamics. These oscillations were compared with those predicted by Rouse, polymer mode coupling (PMC), and reptation dynamics. The following conclusions can be made from this study. (a) During the interdiffusion of high molecular weight HDH/DHD pairs, higher mobility of the chain ends caused a concentration oscillation which increased to a maximum amplitude, and eventually vanished at times, t > τD. The amplitude, or excess enrichment found, was appreciably more than that predicted by Rouse and PMC simulations, and was only slightly less than that predicted from reptation simulations. (b) The oscillations were completely missing in the 30 and 50K HDH/DHD polymers, which are only weakly entangled. The lack of oscillations for the 30 and 50K pairs may be due to a combination of surface roughness and fluctuations of order 30 Å. (c) It was found that the position of the maximum in this ripple stayed at the interface during its growth. This is also consistent with reptation and has not been explained by other theories. (d) All dynamics models for linear polymers produce ripples, many of which are qualitatively similar to that predicted for reptation. However, each ripple bears the fingerprint of the dynamics in terms of its time‐dependent shape, position, and magnitude, and the models are clearly distinguishable. Our results, in summary, support reptation as a candidate mechanism of interdiffusion at polymer(SINGLEBOND) polymer interfaces and its uniqueness is being further pursued. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Polymer–polymer mutual diffusion via rheology of coextruded multilayers

“…Many techniques have been developed to measure the diffusion coefficients of small or large molecules in polymer melts or solutions. For example, pulsed field gradient‐nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG‐NMR) spectroscopy,22 X‐ray microanalysis in scanning electron microscopy,23 neutron scattering,24, 25 neutron reflection,26 neutron spin echo,27 forward recoil spectrometry,28 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,29 and transmission electron microscopy30 have been used. All these techniques require the samples to be either chemically labeled or spectroscopically differentiated.…”

Roughness correlation and interdiffusion in thin films of polymer chains

“…Many applications on the other hand require stable multilayer films (see, e.g., coatings or interdiffusion experiments). [1][2][3][4] For the basic investigations of dewetting [5][6][7][8] or experiments with confined geometry, 9 the use of multilayer films is very important. In some cases, the main purpose of multiple layers is an increase of the scattering volume or the screening of substrate effects.…”

Kinetics of dispersion of nanoparticles in thin polymer films at high temperature

“…Is it possible to quantify this time evolution of PGNP dispersion at higher temperature, in terms of its diffusivity ? For this purpose we try to model the interface density profiles as an inter-diffusion process of PGNPs across the density gradient similar to earlier reports of inter-diffusion in polymer blends [46][47][48] . For estimating this mobility our reference is the EDP for T1.…”