Interface in Solid-State Lithium Battery: Challenges, Progress, and Outlook

Abstract

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes promise improved safety, higher energy density, longer cycle life, and lower cost than conventional Li-ion batteries. However, their practical application is hampered by the high resistance arising at the solid–solid electrode–electrolyte interface. Although the exact mechanism of this interface resistance has not been fully understood, various chemical, electrochemical, and chemo-mechanical processes govern the charge transfer phenomenon at the interface. This paper reports the interfacial behavior of the lithium and the cathode in oxide and sulfide inorganic solid-electrolytes and how that affects the overall battery performance. An overview of the recent reports dealing with high resistance at the anodic and cathodic interfaces is presented and the scientific and engineering aspects of the approaches adopted to solve the issue are summarized.

In Situ Construction of a LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable All‐Solid‐State Batteries and its Origin Revealed by Cryo‐TEM

“…[1,2,[20][21][22][23] Nevertheless, the large-scale application of SPEs in LMBs is still inevitably hindered because of the sluggish transport of Li ions and poor affinity of the Li/electrolyte interface. [24][25][26][27][28] Considering the ultrahigh reducibility of Li, serious parasitic reactions (e.g., Li reacts with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to form Li 2 O, C 2 H 4 , and H 2 ) inevitably occur at the Li/PEO interface to harm the performances of batteries. [29][30][31][32] Moreover, the Li/ PEO interface may be continuously thickened during the battery operation originated from the repeated reactions between fresh SPE and Li (Figure 1a), resulting in large electrochemical impedance and uneven surface morphology.…”

Advanced Characterization Techniques for Interface in All‐Solid‐State Batteries

“…[ 48 ] Hence, many conventional characterization techniques utilized for the interface of liquid electrolytes, such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), are unsuitable for characterizing the interface in ASSBs. [ 49 ] Therefore, the characterization techniques with high accuracy of measurement in a narrow area and high protective property of samples for measurement are available for characterizing the interface in ASSBs.…”

Pseudo-ternary LiBH4·LiCl·P2S5 system as structurally disordered bulk electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

“…65 Having good electronic conductivity, 66 this electrode can be used without further carbon additions; hence reducing the number of interface issues that can be encountered in solidstate batteries. 67,68 Fig. 6a/b shows the galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling at rate C/20 (10 cycles) for two cells with thin (300 µm) and thick (600 µm) bulk SSE.…”