“…It can easily be automated, is very flexible, and since the weld gun electrodes are clamped, small gaps between the sheets can be levelled. A number of researchers have applied RSW to dissimilar Al-steel joints [91,163,181,191,232,257,267,297], as well as material combinations including Mg-steel [138], glasssteel [78], Cu-Ni plated steel [178], stainless steel-Ti [253], Ti-Al [193], and Al-Mg [90,106]. The benefits of enabling the RSW of Alsteel would be the re-use of existing infrastructure to join both like and dissimilar material combinations and the significant cost avoidance necessary to retool for a new joining process.…”