Interfacial modification of high density polyethylene/glass fiber reinforced and non reinforced polyamide 66 blends

Abstract

High density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyamide (PA66) are well known to be incompatible. An ionomer (Surlyn) was added as a compatibilizer to HDPE and glass fiber reinforced (HDPE/GFRPA66) and non-reinforced (HDPE/PA66) blends. Two compositions were considered: 25/75 wt % and 75/25 wt %, with an emphasis on the former formulation. The influence of the compatibilizer on the rheology, thermal properties, and the morphology, as well as mechanical properties of the blends, was investigated using melt flow index measurements, DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impact strength. The ionomer was found to be more effective as a compatibilizer with HDPE as a minor phase compared to the case when HDPE becomes the major phase. The results indicated that the interfacial properties of the blends were improved, with a maximum appearing at a critical concentration of the ionomer (7.5 vol %). At this level of compatibilization, SEM analysis revealed better interfacial adhesion and a finer dispersion. MFI results revealed a probable reaction between the amine groups of PA66 and the acid functions of the ionomer. The mechanical properties support the above results and showed that the addition of 25 wt % HDPE did not affect the properties of PA66 much and the presence of glass fiber did not hinder the effect of the compatibilizer. Only 20% decrease in notched Izod impact strength of the blends is observed at 7.5 vol % ionomer content, suggesting that the addition of 25 wt % of HDPE to PA66 is not detrimental at this level of compatibilization. The emulsification curve was established and revealed that, in terms of impact properties, the finer the particle size, the higher the impact strength corresponding to 7.5 vol % ionomer content.

Ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate toughened poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

“…39 Rubbers containing glycidyl moieties were generally used as impact modifiers and/or as compatibilizers with different success. 39 Rubbers containing glycidyl moieties were generally used as impact modifiers and/or as compatibilizers with different success.…”

“…This might be due to the hindrance caused by exfoliated/intercalated structure of the organoclay that reduced the mobility of polymer chains. 39 CONCLUSIONS PLA was successfully toughened by melt blending with E-MA-GMA rubber in the range of 5 to 30 wt % using a twin screw extruder. This is also attributed to the nucleating effect of the nanofiller.…”

The effect of zinc oxide addition on the compatibilization efficiency of maleic anhydride grafted high‐density polyethylene compatibilizer for high‐density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blends

“…Adding more than this amount does not, in general, improve performance, 10,22,28 although higher levels of compatibilizer were found to be necessary in certain cases. 27 2. Some studies investigated changes in room temperature mechanical properties with compatibilization 22,25,27,28 ; however, some studies were interested primarily in rheological behavior.…”

“…27 2. Some studies investigated changes in room temperature mechanical properties with compatibilization 22,25,27,28 ; however, some studies were interested primarily in rheological behavior. 27,29,30,33 The addition of compatibilizer raises G 0 at low frequencies, 29 reduces the interfacial tension, 11 and increases the steady-shear melt viscosity.…”

Effect of chain extender and terpolymers on tensile and fracture properties of polyamide 6

“…As well as interfacial adhesion between dispersed elastomer particles and polymer matrix, dispersed phase particle size in matrix material plays an important role in toughening. If the rubber particles do not serve the purpose of enhanced matrix deformation, which absorbs predominant amount of energy, then there is no need to use rubber particles because it weakens the matrix material and reduces the toughness [5][6][7][8].…”