“…In these generalized cases, the two above-mentioned assumptions are reformulated as follows: (a) the generalized stress is continuous across the interphase, but the generalized displacement therein is discontinuous and (b) the former is proportional to the jump of the latter. In the past decade, the generalized linear spring model (GLSM) has been widely used in studying various boundary value problems (Ang et al, 2004; Chen et al, 2009; Jin and Fang, 2008; Li and Lee, 2009; Otero et al, 2012, 2013; Wang, 2014; Wang and Pan, 2010; Wang and Sudak, 2007; Yuan et al, 2014; Zhou et al, 2012) of composites with imperfect interphases and also in theoretically predicting the effective properties (Duan and Karihaloo, 2007; Wang et al, 2014; Wurkner et al, 2013; Yanase and Ju, 2012; Yue and Xu, 2013).…”