Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

Ralston, Tyler S.; Marks, Daniel L.; Carney, P. Scott; Boppart, Stephen A.

doi:10.1038/nphys514

Cited by 376 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This relationship explains the inherent optical sectioning capabilities of the instrument. This type of optical gating, in which axial resolution is determined by the coherence properties of the illumination light, has been successfully applied in optical coherence tomography (OCT) of deep tissues 41,42 . However, there are significant differences between WDT and OCT.…”

Section: Tomographic Reconstruction and Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells

et al. 2014

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We present a technique called white-light diffraction tomography (WDT) for imaging microscopic transparent objects such as live unlabelled cells. The approach extends diffraction tomography to white-light illumination and imaging rather than scattering plane measurements. Our experiments were performed using a conventional phase contrast microscope upgraded with a module to measure quantitative phase images. The axial dimension of the object was reconstructed by scanning the focus through the object and acquiring a stack of phase-resolved images. We reconstructed the threedimensional structures of live, unlabelled, red blood cells and compared the results with confocal and scanning electron microscopy images. The 350 nm transverse and 900 nm axial resolution achieved reveals subcellular structures at high resolution in Escherichia coli cells. The results establish WDT as a means for measuring three-dimensional subcellular structures in a non-invasive and label-free manner.A transparent object illuminated by an electromagnetic field generates a scattering pattern that carries specific information about its internal structure. Inferring this information from measurements of the scattered field, that is, solving the inverse scattering problem, is the fundamental principle that has allowed X-ray diffraction measurements to reveal the molecular-scale organization of crystals 1 and more recently, image cells with nanoscale resolution 2,3 . The scattered field is related to the spatially varying dielectric susceptibility of the scattering object by a transformation that simplifies considerably and, more importantly, becomes invertible, when the incident field is only weakly perturbed by the presence of the object. In this regime, the first-order Born approximation 4 and the Rytov approximation 5 have been used to unambiguously retrieve the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the dielectric constant. Implementation of inverse scattering requires knowledge of both the amplitude and phase of the scattered field. This obstacle, known as the phase problem, has been associated with X-ray diffraction measurement throughout its century-old history (for a review, see ref. 6).In 1969, Wolf proposed diffraction tomography as a reconstruction method combining the X-ray diffraction principle with optical holography 7 . Unlike X-rays, light at lower frequencies can be used in phase imaging measurements, as demonstrated by Gabor 8 . In recent years, as a result of new advances in light sources, detector arrays and computing power, quantitative phase imaging (QPI), in which optical path-length delays are measured at each point in the field of view, has become a very active field of study 9 . Whether involving holographic or non-holographic methods 10-16 , QPI presents new opportunities for studying cells and tissues non-invasively, quantitatively and without the need for staining or tagging [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . Projection tomography using laser QPI has made use of ideas from X-ray imaging and enabled three-dimensional ...

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Section: Tomographic Reconstruction and Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells

et al. 2014

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“…However, only at a very high numerical aperture is the longitudinal polarization strong enough to allow calculation of the longitudinal susceptibility component of the sample. 13 In the low-NA regime where OCT imaging is typically performed (0.1 NA or lower 5,7 ), the longitudinal polarization is greatly overwhelmed by the power In general, ISAM imaging systems are identical to those used in OCT, with the exception that a higher NA may be used without sacrificing depth-of-field. Experimental data for this paper were acquired with a custom built spectral domain PS-OCT system using a traditional free-space PS-OCT design.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) is a solution to the coherent microscopy inverse problem and provides spatially invariant transverse resolution through an efficient Fourier domain coordinate transformation, similar to that in synthetic aperture radar. 5 Because ISAM is a point-scanned technique, it does not suffer from the cross-talk common in full-field techniques. 6 Additionally, it has been shown to be robust with respect to motion when using either high-speed scanning or motion correction techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polarization-sensitive interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

South

Liu

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Three-dimensional optical microscopy suffers from the well-known compromise between transverse resolution and depth-of-field. This is true for both structural imaging methods and their functional extensions. Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) is a solution to the 3D coherent microscopy inverse problem that provides depth-independent transverse resolution. We demonstrate the extension of ISAM to polarization sensitive imaging, termed polarization-sensitive interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (PS-ISAM). This technique is the first functionalization of the ISAM method and provides improved depth-of-field for polarization-sensitive imaging. The basic assumptions of polarization-sensitive imaging are explored, and refocusing of birefringent structures is experimentally demonstrated. PS-ISAM enables high-resolution volumetric imaging of birefringent materials and tissue.

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“…Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) using en face TD detection offers the benefit of coherence gating [1,8]. Acquisition speed and sensitivity was increased by using spectral domain (SD) OCT [9] and with numerical techniques transversal resolution could be retained outside focus region [10,11]. One of the limits of 3D deconvolution is that it tends to reduce the sensitivity by the introduction of noise [11] and because of the required high phase stability it could not be applied to in vivo imaging [10].…”

Section: Biophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquisition speed and sensitivity was increased by using spectral domain (SD) OCT [9] and with numerical techniques transversal resolution could be retained outside focus region [10,11]. One of the limits of 3D deconvolution is that it tends to reduce the sensitivity by the introduction of noise [11] and because of the required high phase stability it could not be applied to in vivo imaging [10]. SD-OCT has been applied to cellular imaging [2][3][4][5] and also offers the benefit of increased phase stability [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Biophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artefact reduction for cell migration visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Höfer¹,

Povazˇay²,

Hermann³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biophotonics

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Visualization of cell migration during chemotaxis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires non‐standard processing techniques. Stripe artefacts and camera noise floor present in OCT data prevent detailed computer‐assisted reconstruction and quantification of cell locomotion. Furthermore, imaging artefacts lead to unreliable results in automated texture based cell analysis. Here we characterize three pronounced artefacts that become visible when imaging sample structures with high dynamic range, e.g. cultured cells: (i) time‐varying fixed‐pattern noise; (ii) stripe artefacts generated by background estimation using tomogram averaging; (iii) image modulations due to spectral shaping. We evaluate techniques to minimize the above mentioned artefacts using an 800 nm optical coherence microscope. Effect of artefact reduction is shown exemplarily on two cell cultures, i.e. Dictyostelium on nitrocellulose substrate, and retinal ganglion cells (RGC‐5) cultured on a glass coverslip. Retinal imaging also profits from the proposed processing techniques. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

Cited by 376 publications

References 34 publications

White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells

White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells

Polarization-sensitive interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

Artefact reduction for cell migration visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

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