Interferon Beta and Glatiramer Acetate Therapy

McGraw, Corey; Lublin, Fred

doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0163-4

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Interferon beta 1a as well as glatiramer acetate belong to the injectable modifying drugs and are used as a first-line treatment in the course of MS. Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic polymer of amino acids that contains mixture of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-alanine and L-tyrosine which is commonly used as a safe and effective drug. It is characterized by long-term clinical efficacy with approximately 30% decrease in annual number of relapses (McGraw and Lublin 2013). Ponomareva and colleagues (2016), using flow cytometry method, have been proved that glatiramer acetate modulates platelet functioning by decreasing the level of their activation that leads to the increased bleeding time in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of blood platelets and changes of their biological activities in multiple sclerosis

Wachowicz¹,

Morel²,

Miller³

et al. 2016

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Increasing evidence indicates that blood platelets contribute to diverse processes that extend beyond hemostasis. Many of the same mechanisms that play a role in hemostasis and thrombosis facilitate platelets the participation in other physiological and pathological processes, particularly in the inflammation, the immune response and central nervous system disorders. Platelets are involved in pathophysiology of central nervous system diseases, especially in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but their role appears to be neglected. Platelets contribute to the inflammation and cooperate with immune cells in inflammatory and immune responses. These blood cells were identified in inflamed spinal cord and in the brain in chronic active lesions of multiple sclerosis and in the related animal models referred as Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. This review summarizes recent insights in the platelet activation accompanied by the exocytosis of bioactive compounds stored in granules, formation of platelet microparticles, expression of specific membrane receptors, synthesis of numerous biomediators, generation of free radicals, and introduces the mechanisms by which activated platelets may be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Understanding the role of platelets in multiple sclerosis may be essential for improved therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of blood platelets and changes of their biological activities in multiple sclerosis

Wachowicz¹,

Morel²,

Miller³

et al. 2016

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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“…However, historically, the mainstay of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS are injectable immunomodulatory drugs [Patti, 2010;Wingerchuk and Carter, 2014]. The injectable DMTs are well-established therapies with a wealth of real-world safety and efficacy data that span two decades [McGraw and Lublin, 2013]. In 2014, a pegylated interferon (peginterferon) beta-1a administered subcutaneously was approved in the European Union (EU) and United States (US) for relapsing MS (RMS) [Biogen 2014a[Biogen , 2014b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A discrete-choice experiment to determine patient preferences for injectable multiple sclerosis treatments in Germany

Poulos

Kinter

Yang

et al. 2016

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of features of a hypothetical injectable disease-modifying treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis using a discrete-choice experiment. Methods: German residents at least 18 years of age with a self-reported physician diagnosis of multiple sclerosis completed a 25-30 minute online discrete-choice experiment. Patients were asked to choose one of two hypothetical injectable treatments for multiple sclerosis, defined by different levels of six attributes (disability progression, the number of relapses in the next 4 years, injection time, frequency of injections, presence of flu-like symptoms, and presence of injection-site reactions). The data were analyzed using a random-parameters logit model. Results: Of 202 adults who completed the survey, results from 189 were used in the analysis. Approximately 50% of all patients reported a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and 31% reported secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Approximately 71% of patients had current or prior experience with injectable multiple sclerosis medication. Approximately 53% had experienced flu-like symptoms caused by their medication, and 47% had experienced mild injection-site reactions. At least one significant difference was seen between levels in all attributes, except injection time. The greatest change in relative importance between levels of an attribute was years until symptoms get worse from 1 to 4 years. The magnitude of this difference was about twice that of relapses in the next 4 years, frequency of injections, and flu-like symptoms. Conclusions: Most attributes examined in this experiment had an influence on patient preference. Patients placed a significant value on improvements in the frequency of dosing and disability progression. Results suggest that changes in injection frequency can be as important as changes in efficacy and safety attributes. Understanding which attributes of injectable therapies influence patient preference could potentially improve outcomes and adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis.

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“…The indication depends mainly on the clinical course, disease stage and disease activity (table 2). In general, therapy should be initiated as early as possible [32]. So far, no drug has been approved for the treatment of PPMS.…”

Section: Therapeutic Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reduce the annualized relapse rate (ARR) by approximately 30% and do not cause severe side effects [32]. …”

Section: Therapeutic Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Outlook

2014

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. The etiology of MS is unknown; however, environmental and genetic factors play a key role in the development of MS. Diagnostic criteria have been adapted to facilitate earlier diagnosis with increased sensitivity and specificity. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of MS has deepened considerably in recent years, resulting in different therapies to modify the disease course. Furthermore, several drugs have lately shown efficacy in phase III studies and their approval is expected in the near future. As treatment options expand, a future challenge will be to find the optimal treatment for the individual patient. Summary: This mini-review gives an overview of the current knowledge of MS with emphasis on the latest diagnostic criteria and both current and upcoming treatment options. Key Messages: Treatment of MS changes rapidly as the knowledge and therapeutic options in MS expand. Clinical Impact: Diagnosis of MS is based on McDonald criteria. MS therapy can be divided into relapse, disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment. Relapses are commonly treated with intravenous methylprednisolone. First-line therapy consists of either interferon-β, glatiramer acetate or teriflunomide. In general, agents used as escalation therapies (natalizumab, fingolimod and mitoxantrone) are more potent than the agents used for first-line therapy; however, these have potentially serious side effects and should be used with care.

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Interferon Beta and Glatiramer Acetate Therapy

Cited by 52 publications

References 106 publications

The physiology of blood platelets and changes of their biological activities in multiple sclerosis

The physiology of blood platelets and changes of their biological activities in multiple sclerosis

A discrete-choice experiment to determine patient preferences for injectable multiple sclerosis treatments in Germany

Multiple Sclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Outlook

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