Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF-4) Targets IRF-5 to Regulate Epstein-Barr Virus Transformation

Abstract

The cellular interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF-4), which is a member of IRF family, is involved in the development of multiple myeloma and Epstein-Barr virus (

Interferon regulatory factor 5 in human autoimmunity and murine models of autoimmune disease

“…In line with this, IRF5 was highly expressed in macrophages of inflamed knee in the AIA model (23). IRF4 is recruited to the Irf5 promoter in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (110), and has been shown to negatively regulate Irf5 promoter reporter activities (111); suggesting yet another level of direct competition between the two transcription factors in myeloid cells. The key role of macrophages and cytokines in the RA joint suggests that dampening of IRF5 activity in synovial macrophages could provide new avenues for development of RA targeted therapies.…”

IFN Regulatory Factor 10 Is a Negative Regulator of the IFN Responses in Fish

“…IRF2 shares high sequence homology with IRF1 and serves as a transcriptional repressor of expression of IFN and ISGs by competing with IRF1 (26)(27)(28). IRF4 interacts with IRF5 and balances the antiviral responses when host cells were infected by virus (29,30).…”

Interferon regulatory factor 7 is involved in the growth of Epstein–Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocytes

“…The expression of p53 was moderately affected by the shp53 plasmid. In our system, we found the combination of two or more shRNAs was more effective in target gene reductions (Xu et al, 2008(Xu et al, , 2011. This may be the reason that the shP53 plasmid has moderate effects.…”

“…Previously we have established that IRF4 is involved in the EBV-mediated transformation process in vitro, and possibly in vivo in CNS lymphoma (Xu et al, 2008(Xu et al, , 2011. In addition to EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has several IRF homologues (vIRFs) in its genome (Chang et al, 1994;Chang and Moore, 1996;Moore and Chang, 2001), and is implicated in several diseases (Dourmishev et al, 2003;Moore and Chang, 2001;West and Wood, 2003).…”