Interferon-γ and NF-κB mediate nitric oxide production by mesenchymal stromal cells

Is serum uric acid a predictive factor of response to IFN‐treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection?

“…Uric acid is capable of stopping the oxidative damage caused by the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOs) [Tsukada et al, 2000]. IFN is a powerful iNOs inducer [Squadrito et al, 2000;Oh et al, 2007]. During chronic viral hepatitis, infected cells are damaged by type Th1 immune response and hence cleared [Thomas et al, 1999].…”

In Search of the In Vivo Identity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Cultured MSCs would correspond to proliferative pericytes at this stage in tissue repair. Interestingly, cultured MSCs upregulate the expression of immunomodulatory molecules in response to stimulation by interferon-␥, a potent proinflammatory cytokine [171][172][173]. The use of cultured MSCs in tissue repair would accelerate healing because they are trophic and immunomodulatory, and they can be directly delivered to damaged areas in large numbers or home to injured sites after systemic infusion due to the expression of specific extracellular matrix [174,175] and chemokine ( Fig.…”

Immune Modulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Most of the inhibitory soluble factors are not constitutively secreted by MSCs, but they can be induced by the interaction between activated effector cells and MSCs. A broad range of factors is involved in the immune regulation induced by MSCs, including IFN-γ [20,28], IL-1β [74], TGF-β1 [31,35,49], indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) [20,28,33], IL-6 [78,79], IL-10 [40,41], prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [43], hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [31], tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α [42,59,60,80], nitric oxide (NO) [81], heme oxygenase-1 (OH-1) [82], HLA-G5 [83,84], and other unidentified factors. This probably reflects the redundancy of the MSCs immune regulatory mechanisms.…”