Intergenerational Taekwondo Program: A Narrative Review and Practical Intervention Proposal

Abstract

Taekwondo is a modernized martial art that includes various combinations of hand and kicking techniques and core values of Taekwondo philosophy such as courtesy, mutual respect, and self-control. Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among older adults and is a major contributor to health-related problems. Intergenerational physical activity programs are used as an effective tool to make a positive connection between generations and provide additional health benefits for both generations. This review study aimed to examine the theories of intergenerational physical activity programs and propose the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program (ITP). Various theories such as the transtheoretical model, contact theory, social capital theory, situated learning theory, human development theory, personality theory, and whole-person wellness model have been adopted in intergenerational physical activity programs. Our review suggests that to develop the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program, instructors should (1) establishing common goals, (2) understand differences in physical and mental abilities, and (3) offer incentives to encourage participants in physical activity programs. The proposed ITP program has the potential to not just provide unique inherent values and improving physical functions, but also to form generational connections.

Intergenerational Judo: Synthesising Evidence- and Eminence-Based Knowledge on Judo across Ages

“…When young and old persons engage in sports together, they defy stereotypes. The focus shifts from age to shared passions [9]. Thus, judo dojo become spaces where wisdom and energy collide, transcending generational boundaries [38].…”

“…Intergenerational programme participation has clearly been viewed as a potential "new" role for older adults that can contribute towards "successful ageing" and improved wellbeing [8]. Intergenerational programmes have been advocated as a means of promoting health and wellbeing among both the young and the old [9]. Kaplan [10] argues that the implementation of intergenerational programmes contributes to personal growth and the development of social skills, as they are "social vehicles that create purposeful and ongoing exchange of resources and learning.…”

“…Despite researchers' and practitioners' growing interest, the exploration of intergenerational sport is a relatively uncharted territory that warrants a comprehensive investigation [14,15]. Considering their focus on self-discipline, balance, the mind-body connection, and adaptability to different populations, martial arts offer a unique blend of physical and mental health, making them well suited as physical activities fostering solidarity and holistic wellbeing in both younger and older generations [9,[16][17][18]. As a modern martial art and inclusive combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano, judo (jū: gentle; dō: way) has been recognised for its multifaceted nature, including physical and mental benefits [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Influence of Taekwondo Training as a Martial Art Sport on Enhancing Mental Wellness of Security Officers in Kenya

“…It is estimated that 12,000 police officers in Kenya have mental issues this can have a variety of repercussions, including but not limited to: depression, insomnia, obesity, substance abuse and relationship breakup, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts personal incapacity that may affect adequate participation in the place of work. All these may have severe economic effects to the security officers (Kim, et al, 2022) Majority of security officers in Kenya, however, do not seek help when they are experiencing issues with their mental health for a variety of reasons, including the stigmatization of mental health and wellness', the expense and limited of mental wellness treatment. Numerous have factors been identified to contribute to the severe physical and mental wellness' apprehensions experienced by Kenyan security officers.…”

Strategies for integrating martial arts-based mindfulness into educational settings

“…The philosophy of Taekwon-do is rooted in ethical, moral, and spiritual standards (Kim et al, 2022). The focus is to foster individuals who can live harmoniously with others.…”