Intergenerational Transmissible Meanings in Breastfeeding in Spain: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Background: The process of breastfeeding is linked to intergenerational influences based on attitudes and messages of grandmothers about their own experience, and this can reinforce or interfere with the experiences of future mothers in breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to explore the meanings transmissible to the next generation of nursing mothers, based on the experiences of grandmothers. Methods: We report the findings of an interpretive phenomenological qualitative research based on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. In-depth interviews were conducted in Madrid with 17 participants who breastfed before the age of 35 and more than 8 years ago (to ensure the settlement of transmissible meanings in remote memory). Data were analyzed by interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings: Two thematic categories were identified: "Breastfeeding: life experiences" and "Breastfeeding: body and mind process", which show that mothers want to convey the need for a balance that allows maintaining the role of women outside of stereotypes but that is also compatible with the rhythm of life, giving new meanings to attachment, weaning, and modesty. Conclusions: Meanings that future grandmothers wish to transmit to the next generation of nursing mothers are related to the search for a satisfactory experience for the mother, who must make an adjustment in her life, freeing herself of inflexible messages about attachment and the maternal role. Practical implications: Strategies to promote breastfeeding and care for nursing mothers can improve the impact of trying to understand the meanings that are transmitted by the grandmothers in the family environment.

Contribuições Da Fenomenologia Para a Prática Da Enfermagem Na Saúde Da Mulher

“…A vivência das mulheres é envolta em crenças, significados e valores que refletem sobre as experiências e expectativas envoltas na busca por qualidade de vida. (30) Logo, o cuidado a esta população se dará pelo encontro do ser-mulher com suas vivências e no encontro de suas vivências com as dos outros (16,19) , refletindo sobre o mundo da vida e demonstrando que a mulher carrega em si além da sua biografia que reflete seus aspectos culturais, costumes e normas sociais, uma bagagem de conhecimentos que tendem a refletir sobre as relações sociais (11)(12) e gerar sentimentos.…”

Infant feeding choices among Panamanian mothers: A qualitative study

“…Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of life is an effective measure to fight against the double burden of malnutrition, to improve food security and reduce health inequalities (Rodríguez Diaz et al, 2017 ). The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that optimal feeding practices should include exclusively breastfeeding (with no other food than breast milk, no other milk, or drinks including water) in the first 6 months of life; to continue breastfeeding up to 2 years of age with the introduction of complementary food (Rodríguez‐Vazquez et al, 2020 ). Although the prevalence of breastfeeding globally has increased in recent decades, it is not enough to meet the objectives set by international organizations (Walters et al, 2016 ).…”

Barriers and coping responses towards infant and young child feeding practices in rural Ethiopia: a descriptive qualitative study

“…4 Breast feeding and complementary feeding practices have multifaceted barriers that include negative sociocultural norms and beliefs, and limited knowledge. [5][6][7][8] For instance, in Guatemala, negative beliefs, 9 in Brazil, negative cultural norms and beliefs, and food taboos, 10 in Bangladesh, food taboos and lack of knowledge, 11 in India, negative cultural practices and beliefs, 12 in Vietnam, negative social norms 13 and in the United Arab Emirates, negative beliefs 14 among mothers are barriers towards breast feeding and complementary feeding practices.…”