Intergeneric hybridization between Hippolytia kaschgarica (Krascheninnikov) Poljakov and Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam.

Abstract

An intergeneric hybrid between Hippolytia kaschgarica (maternal plant) and Nipponanthemum nipponicum (paternal plant) was produced without emasculation for the first time. This proves a close relationship between Hippolytia and Nipponanthemum, once again. The hybrids could be identified by nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and morphological characteristics. The composition of the hybrid capitulum was a mix between both parents. It was basically similar to the maternal plant (Hippolytia) with yellow (actinomorphic) tubular florets, but supplemented with 5-13 white tetramerous, or pentamerous tubular florets bursting out in the outer whirl, being more distinctive and bigger. Instead of ligulate white ray florets of the paternal plant (Nipponanthemum), they were tubular (actinomorphic). The same phenomenon recently appeared in the intergeneric hybrid between Cancrinia maximowiczii (tubular) and the interspecific hybrid of Chrysanthemum naktongense 9 Chrysanthemum 9morifolium 'Aifen' (ligulate, daisy-like). The shape of the achenes of our new hybrid is quite similar to that of the paternal parent with pappus of separate unequal subulate scales, or awns. In the maternal parent, pappus is absent. Similarly to the referred intergeneric hybrid, this new viable hybrid might be used as bridge for breeding multi-generic hybrids within the Compositae tribe Anthemideae. Since the molecular mechanism behind the novel phenotype of the new hybrid has not been explored in

The genus Chrysanthemum: Phylogeny, biodiversity, phytometabolites, and chemodiversity

“…The DNA sequences of seven low-copy nuclear genes and nrITS were combined to reconstruct a time-calibrated phylogeny of subtribe Artemisiinae ( Figure 2 ). In the monophyletic Chrysanthemum group, Chrysanthemum and Ajania were well resolved, agreeing with capitulum morphology and suggesting the low resolving power of cp and ITS markers ( Zhao et al, 2010 ; Hong et al, 2015 ; Tyagi et al, 2020 ; Masuda et al, 2022 ). Within Chrysanthemum , the C. indicum complex and C. zawadskii complex diverged, which temporally coincide with the late Cenozoic uplift of Northern QTP and associated climatic heterogeneity between eastern and central Asia.…”

“…Phaeostigma was not in Chrysanthemum group, which was confirmed by the 6-bp insertion in trnL-F. Brachanthemum was excluded, and Elachanthemum was included in this group. Opisthopappus of subtribe Tanacetinae was proposed to be in the subtribe Artemisiinae, Chrysanthemum group ( Hong et al, 2015 ; Figure 2 ). The molecular phylogeny facilitates the inference of evolution of pollen and capitulum characters.…”

“…Brachanthemum and Hippolytia are close to the clade of Chrysanthemum group, and their hybridization with Chrysanthemum (e.g., CM, C. chanetii and C. naktongense × C. argyrophyllum ) can be successful ( Hong, 2014 ; Xie, 2016 ). The hybrid without emasculation between Hippolytia and Nipponanthemum was obtained ( Hong et al, 2015 ); on the ITS tree, both genera are closer to Brachanthemum than to Chrysanthemum . Chrysanthemum sensu lato includes around 38 genera, of which 27 are distributed in China ( Shao, 2018 ).…”