Interleukin 1-beta analysis in chronically inflamed and healthy human dental pulp

Abstract

Background/Aim. Proinflammatory cytokines can act like endogenous pyrogen interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF ?) which regulate the synthesis of secondary mediators and other proinflammatory cytokines through macrophages and mesenchymal cells. They stimulate acute-phase proteins and attract inflammatory cells. The aim of this study was to determine interleukin 1-? (IL-1 ?) concentrations in chronically inflamed and healthy dental pulps. Methods. A total of 41 pulps (19 from patients with pulpitis chronic causa and 22 from patients with pulpatis chronic aperta), divided into two groups, were obtained from teeth with chronic pulp inflammation. The control group consisted of 12 teeth with healthy pulp. After extirpation, pulp samples were immediately placed in sterile Eppendorf tubes and frozen. After that, homogenisation was performed by a Teflon? pestle in ice-cold phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 whose volume was adjusted according to the weight of tissue. The supernatant was then frozen at -70?C until the performance of appropriate biochemical analyses. Cytokine IL-1 ? value was determined by a commercial enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test). We applied the high sensitivity system technique, which may register low levels of cytokines, ranging from 0.125 to 8.0 pg/mL for IL-1 ?. Results. By comparing the mean value of IL-1?, in the pulps we can see a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) among them. The highest value of IL-1 ? was in the subjects with pulpitis chronica clausa and it was 6.21 ? 2.70 pg/mL. Conclusion. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 ? is present in detectable quantities in the pulp tissue of all vital pulps. Its highest concentrations were found in the sample group with pulpitis chronica clausa.

ILs and MMPs Levels in Inflamed Human Dental Pulp: A Systematic Review

“…There were no significant differences between reversible and irreversible pulp inflammation [23]. Presence of IL-1β was also evaluated in chronically inflamed pulp tissue compared to healthy pulp using ELISA [6], with partial quite similar results with the previous study. IL-1β values were elevated in the chronic pulpitis group without statistical difference compared to healthy pulp [6].…”

“…Presence of IL-1β was also evaluated in chronically inflamed pulp tissue compared to healthy pulp using ELISA [6], with partial quite similar results with the previous study. IL-1β values were elevated in the chronic pulpitis group without statistical difference compared to healthy pulp [6]. Higher levels with statistical differences were observed in the group with chronic closed pulpitis both compared to the group with chronic opened pulpitis (p < 0.01) and to the control group (p < 0.01).…”

“…Healthy pulp extraction for prosthetic purposes from permanent teeth was performed in two of six studies [ 6 , 24 ] with only one study [ 24 ] mentioning the method: samples were removed with a sterile excavator and barbed broach. One of the studies also used as control group healthy pulp tissue from extracted primary teeth with prolonged retention [ 26 ]; pulp was collected after cutting and splitting of teeth.…”

“…The scores of the included studies ranged between 4 and 8 stars (Table S5). A single study [24] was rated as "good" (8 stars) while quality of 4 studies [6,23,25,26] was considered "satisfactory (5-6 stars). Only one study received the lowest score (4 stars) [22].…”

“…Depending on the condition of the pulp chamber and dental pulp, chronic inflammation can be closed (internal granuloma) or open (ulcerative form or hyperplastic form = pulp polyp) [ 6 , 7 ]. Irreversible inflammation can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and the diagnosis is based mainly on patients’ signs and symptoms.…”