Interleukin‐10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Abstract

Oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ingestion for 5 days to 4 weeks has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation and atopic dermatitis. To determine whether oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG may act by generating immunosuppressive mediator in atopic children. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) at a daily dose of 2 x 1010 cfu was added for 4 weeks to the diets of nine children (mean age, 21 months) with atopic dermatitis. Blood and faecal samples were collected before supplementation and at early (2 weeks) and late stage (4 and 8 weeks from the beginning). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in sera, as well as the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFNgamma in mitogen-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were assessed. Secretory IgA and TNFalpha were also determined in faeces. The serum IL-10 concentration differed significantly between before, early and late samples (P < 0.001) due to the elevation of serum IL-10 in the later phase of oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ingestion. The enhancement of IL-10 production in mitogen-induced cultures preceded the rise in serum IL-10. The enhanced IL-10 generation in vivo substantiates the anti-inflammatory properties of specific probiotic bacteria strains, and provides an additional reason for considering such treatments for patients with intestinal inflammation.

<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> Strain L-92 Induces CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells and Suppresses Allergic Contact Dermatitis

“…26) Pessi and colleagues reported that oral administration of L. rhamnosus GG can alleviate the clinical symptoms of AD through the enhanced IL-10 production. 27) Subcutaneous injection of TGF-β 1 was reported to suppress the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, which was accompanied by the reduction of IgE production. 28) Moreover, heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 can suppress picryl chloride-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice due to the down-regulation of Th1 and Th2 response through the increased secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β 1 .…”

Growth phase of orally administered Lactobacillus strains differentially affects IgG1/IgG2a ratio for soluble antigens: implications for vaccine development

“…Clearly, there is accumulating evidence that lactobacilli possess properties that are beneficial in a diverse range of diseases, including infections, allergy and cancer [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, due to the diversity of species within the Lactobacillus genus not each Lactobacillus strain possesses similar health stimulating properties.…”

Probiotic Bacterium Prevents Cytokine-induced Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

“…Probiotics, as described by Lilly and Stillwell (4), are living microorganisms with low or no pathogenicity that exert beneficial effects on the health of the host. In human clinical trials the non-pathogenic Gram-positive commensal Lactobacilli found in the human and mouse gastrointestinal tracts have been considered as probiotics with beneficial health effects, including enhanced lymphocyte proliferation (5), innate and acquired immunity (6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine production (7). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), 1 a bacterium used in the production of yogurt, is one of the best-studied probiotic bacteria in clinical trials.…”

“…Several Lactobacillus strains prevent or attenuate intestinal inflammation in the interleukin (IL)-10 Ϫ/Ϫ mouse model, which spontaneously develops enterocolitis (15,16). LGG increases anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels in children (7). Furthermore, LGG has been suggested as adjunctive therapy for Crohn's disease (17).…”