“…Although ATG16L1 plays an essential role in autophagy, and is part of a larger protein complex ATG16L1-ATG5-ATG12 that is necessary for autophagy, ATG16L1 is also involved in the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and exerts antiinflammatory functions during intestinal inflammation (Cadwell et al, 2008;Diamanti et al, 2017;Saitoh et al, 2008;Sorbara et al, 2013). IL-1β promotes angiogenesis by activating VEGF production during tumor progression (Carmi et al, 2013;Voronov et al, 2003), while IL-18 suppresses angiogenesis in cancer (Cao, Farnebo, Kurimoto, & Cao, 1999;Xing et al, 2016;Yang, Chen, Lu, Li, & Lin, 2010). How ATG16L1 regulates angiogenesis through inflammatory cytokines and whether this regulation operates downstream of PKA activity in vivo requires further investigation.…”