Interleukin-1β in human colostrum

Muñoz, Carlos; Endres, Stefan; Meer, Jos van der; Schlesinger, Liana; Arévalo, Marianela; Dinarello, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/0923-2494(90)90019-u

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…generated by intestinal epithelium is critical in mounting an effective acute response (19). In addition, nearly 30% of mothers had no detectable IL-10 at any time during the first month postpartum (30), whereas IL-1␤ in milk was more frequently detected (31). Thus, the fact that 60 -100% all the milk samples in the study contained cytokines provides a large enough group to be confident of the results and of the measurable presence of cytokines in the early milk of mothers with jaundiced newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines in Human Colostrum and Neonatal Jaundice

et al. 2007

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Breast-fed infants have higher bilirubin levels than formula-fed infants, possibly because of variations in the composition of the breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between cytokine levels in the colostrum of nursing mothers and neonatal jaundice (NJ). Breast milk samples were collected from breast-feeding mothers of healthy fullterm neonates, 32 with NJ and 29 without jaundice. The concentrations of IL-1␤, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣ were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunometric assays. Mothers of infants with NJ had a higher concentration of IL-1␤ in colostrum, compared with those feeding neonates without NJ, and similar trends were seen for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and for TNF-␣. The concentrations of IL-1␤ significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-␣ concentrations, but not with serum bilirubin levels of infants with NJ. In conclusion, the concentrations of IL-1␤ were increased in colostrum from breast-feeding mothers whose infants had NJ. The correlation between the concentrations of cytokines involved in the function of hepatic uptake and excretory systems and in the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin provides additional data to the delineation of the cascade of pathophysiological events that can lead to NJ. B reast-fed infants have higher bilirubin levels than formula-fed infants (1). The jaundice of breast-fed infants is commonly of undetermined etiology (2-4). Suggested mechanisms for these findings include insufficient milk transfer to the neonate (5), inhibition of hepatic excretion of bilirubin (6), and increased intestinal absorption of bilirubin (7,8).Inhibition of hepatic excretion of bilirubin could explain the jaundice associated with human milk consumption, and early studies suggested that exposure to acquired cholestatic injury such as drugs, hormones, proinflammatory cytokines, or biliary obstruction or destruction results in an altered expression and function of hepatic uptake and excretory systems, changes that may maintain and contribute to cholestasis and jaundice (9). In particular, increased production of IL-8 and IL-10 has been reported in patients with biliary obstruction and jaundice (10,11). Moreover, the cholestatic effect of cytokines (e.g. IL-1␤, IL-6) is believed to result from the repression of genes that normally mediated the hepatic uptake, metabolism, and biliary excretion of bile salts and various nonbile salt organic anions such as bilirubin (12,13). In addition, IL-1␣, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣ were found to decrease the glucuronidation activities dose dependently (14).Intestinal absorption is a key step in the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin because bilirubin is more easily absorbed from the intestine than are bilirubin glucuronides. Increased intestinal absorption of bilirubin (15), facilitated by breast milk rich in ␤-glucuronidase (16) or via some other mechanisms such as delayed passage of meconium, the establishment of a population of inte...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines in Human Colostrum and Neonatal Jaundice

et al. 2007

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“…Biologic activity in human milk consistent with IL-1 was previously reported (33), but its presence was not tested by other means. More recently, Munoz et al (34) found considerable amounts of ILl p (mean a SD, 1130 + 478 pg/mL) by a RIA in human milk collected at 3-4 d of lactation from Chilean women. In a previous study from our laboratory, chemokinetic and cytotoxic activities in human milk were partially abrogated by specific antibodies to rnTNF-a, but the presence of the cytokine in human milk was not investigated immunochemically (8).…”

Section: Subject Selection This Study Was Approved By the Institutionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Munoz et al (34) examined human milk collected on the 3rd and 4th d of lactation from Chilean women for TNF-a by an RIA. They found small amounts of that cytokine in human milk as compared with our study (mean + SD, 99 f. 10 pg/mL versus 620 + 183 pg/mL).…”

Section: Subject Selection This Study Was Approved By the Institutionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Human Milk

et al. 1992

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ABSTRACT. We previously demonstrated that certain biologic activities in human milk were partially blocked by antibodies directed against human tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). In this study, immunochemical methods were used to verify the presence of TNF-a in human milk obtained during the first few days of lactation. Gel filtration revealed the presence of TNF-a by RIA in molecular weight fractions between 80 and 195 kD. TNF-a could not be detected consistently by conventional Western blotting or cytotoxic assays. Although immunoreactive bands were detected by a Western blot-lZ5I protein A technique in TNF-a-positive fractions from gel filtration, those bands proved to be nonspecific. TNF-a in milk was reliably quantified by the competitive RIA. Those studies revealed that the concentrations of TNF-a in milk were 620 +. FMLP, N-formyl-I-methionyl-I-leucyl-I-phenylalanineIt is widely accepted that much of the protective effect of human milk (1) is due to a direct-acting antimicrobial system that consists of humoral and cellular components (2-6). The leukocytes are of particular interest because they include not only neutrophils and lymphocytes but also macrophages (4-6) that appear morphologically to be activated (4, 5). The results of recent studies (7) are consistent with those previous observations. In those investigations, human milk macrophages moved faster than human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in a threedimensional, relatively adherence-independent assay. It was subsequently demonstrated that the increased motility of those macrophages was due in large part to either TNF-a or TNF-a- inducing factors in human milk. When blood mononuclear cells were incubated in whole human colostrum or its whey protein fraction, the motility of the blood monocytes increased to that of milk macrophages (8). The activity was abrogated by trypsin and considerably decreased by polyclonal antibodies to rhTNFa. Three peaks of chemokinetic activity, corresponding to 50-55, 25, and 10-17 kD, were demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography. The chemokinetic activity peaks in human milk were blocked by antibodies to rhTNF-a. In addition, the studies suggested that some of the limited cytotoxic activity of human milk against murine L-929 cells was blocked by antibodies to rhTNF-a (8).In view of the pleiotropic effects of TNF-cu upon the immunologic system (9-19), it was important to verify whether TNFa or TNF-a-inducing agents are present in human milk in sufficient quantities to potentially affect the recipient infant. Indeed, the presence of sufficient amounts of those agents would suggest that human milk might affect the maturation of the defense systems of the infant. We investigated this question by examining human milk for TNF-a by immunochemical methods. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether the leukocytes in human milk are a source of this cytokine by examining them for TNF-a and for its RNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subject selection. This study was approved by the InstitutionalReview Board for Human Resea...

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“…However, we encountered many newborn calves that had a variety of serum IL-1 activities without any clinical abnormality (unpublished observation) using A375 cell growth inhibition assay [9]. Since presence of IL-1β in human colostrum [16] and production of IL-1β by bovine milk cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide [18] have been reported, we postulated that IL-1 activities in the sera of newborns might be transmitted from dams via colostrum. Although detection of bovine IL-1 in association with pneumonia has been reported [9,23], there is no report describing the cytokine in clinically normal cattle.…”

Section: Recombinant Bovine Interleukin-1β (Rbil-1β)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Interleukin-1.BETA. in Sera and Colostrum of Dairy Cattle and in Sera of Neonates.

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. In order to obtain basic information about bovine interleukin-1 (IL-1β), levels of IL-1β in sera and milk of clinically normal mature Holstein cattle before and after parturition and in sera of newborn calves were examined by ELISA. The level of IL-1β was undetectable in sera of mature cattle around the time of artificial insemination, but the concentration gradually increased and reached a peak at parturition and then decreased again to an undetectable level. IL-1β in milk was detected on the day of parturition but not thereafter. IL-1β mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the cells from milk collected during 20 days before and 2 to 3 days after parturition, but was not detected thereafter. Although IL-1β was not detected in all the sera of newborn calves, the concentration transiently increased with peak titers on day 3 and became undetectable by day 14 after birth. Newborns that showed serum IL-1β on day 3 had been fed on colostrum in which the IL-1β concentration was significantly higher than that in colostrum that had been fed to newborns having no detectable IL-1β on day 3. These results indicate that IL-1β is induced in association with pregnancy in healthy dairy cattle and that the cytokine might be transferred to neonates via colostrum. -KEY WORDS: cattle, colostrum, interleukin-1, pregnancy.

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Interleukin-1β in human colostrum

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

Cytokines in Human Colostrum and Neonatal Jaundice

Cytokines in Human Colostrum and Neonatal Jaundice

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Human Milk

Detection of Interleukin-1.BETA. in Sera and Colostrum of Dairy Cattle and in Sera of Neonates.

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