Interleukin 39: a new member of interleukin 12 family

Lu, Zhiyu; Xu, Keye; Wang, Xiaoying; Li, Yan; Li, Mingcai

doi:10.5114/ceji.2020.97911

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…IL-23/IL-39 inhibitors are a class of biologics used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. IL-39, a heterodimer composed of IL-23p19 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, is a new member of the IL-12 family and is targeted by p19 inhibitors [ 96 ]. Specifically, in contrast to IL-12/23 inhibitors, IL-23/39 inhibitors inhibit IL-23 without inhibiting IL-12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytokine Mediated Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriasis and Its Clinical Implications

Singh

Koppu

Perche

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Psoriasis is the result of uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation, and its pathogenesis involves the dysregulation of the immune system. The interplay among cytokines released by dendritic, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells leads to the phenotypical manifestations seen in psoriasis. Biological therapies target the cytokine-mediated pathogenesis of psoriasis and have improved patient quality of life. This review will describe the underlying molecular pathophysiology and biologics used to treat psoriasis. A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar repositories to investigate the molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and current therapeutics in psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis’, the most prevalent subtype of psoriasis, pathogenesis primarily involves cytokines TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. Pustular psoriasis’, an uncommon variant, pathogenesis involves a mutation in IL-36RN. Currently, biological therapeutics targeted at TNF-α, IL-12/IL-23, IL-17, and IL-23/IL-39 are approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. More studies need to be performed to elucidate the precise molecular pathology and assess efficacy between biological therapies for psoriasis. Psoriasis is a heterogenous, chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that presents in the skin with multiple types. Recognizing and understanding the underlying molecular pathways and biological therapeutics to treat psoriasis is important in treating this common disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytokine Mediated Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriasis and Its Clinical Implications

Singh

Koppu

Perche

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an IL-12 family cytokine (12), with other members of these family consisting of heterodimeric combinations of a (p40 and EBI3) and b (p19, p28 and p35) chain subunits, including IL-12 (p35 and p40), IL-23 (p19 and p40), IL-27 (p28 and EBI3), IL-35 (p35 and EBI3), and the newly discovered member IL-39 (IL-23p19 and EBI3) (13,14). Unlike other IL-12 family members, IL-35 has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment

et al. 2021

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Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35 that has recently been shown to play diverse and important roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote tumor growth and progression, IL-35 is widely recognized as a key mediator of TME status. Immune cells are key mediators of diverse tumor-related phenotypes, and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-35 can promote tumor growth and metastasis in TME. These influences should be considered together. Since tumor immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade remains ineffective in many patients due to tumoral resistance, a new target or efficacy enhancing factor is urgently needed. Suppressing IL-35 production and activity has been demonstrated as an effective factor that inhibits tumor cells viability, and further investigation of this cytokine is warranted. However, the mechanistic basis for IL-35-mediated regulation of immune cells in the TME remains to be fully clarified. In the present review, we explore the roles of IL-35 in regulating immune cells within the TME. In addition, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target and discuss its possible relevance in the context of immunotherapy. Lastly, we sought to summarize potential future research directions that may guide the advancement of current understanding regarding the role of this important cytokine as a regulator of oncogenesis.

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“…This also applies to their molecular weight (11.098–141.752 kDa), isoelectric point (from 4.41 for IL-18 to 10.5 for IL-11) and the contents of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids in the composition of a molecule ( Table 1 ). Most of the interleukins are monomeric compounds, with the exception of IL-35, which is composed of the subunits IL-12 α and IL-27 β , and IL-39, composed of IL-23p19 and Ebi3 (Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene) subunits [ 45 ]. Detailed characterization of the interleukins based on the aforementioned properties, as well as the analysis of the secondary structure, is presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Characteristics Biological Role and Mechanism Of Action Of Interleukins In The Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases

Mertowska

Mertowski

Smarz-Widelska³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidney diseases. An important role in the homeostasis and disease progression, including kidney diseases, is attributed to interleukins, which perform several biological functions and interact with other cells and tissues of the body. The aim of this article was to systematize the knowledge about the biological functions performed by interleukins in humans and their involvement in kidney diseases development. In our work, we took into account the role of interleukins in acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.

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Interleukin 39: a new member of interleukin 12 family

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

The Cytokine Mediated Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriasis and Its Clinical Implications

The Cytokine Mediated Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriasis and Its Clinical Implications

IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment

Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases

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