Interleukin 4 Affects Epilepsy by Regulating Glial Cells: Potential and Possible Mechanism

Chen, Lu; Zhu, Lin; Lü, Di; Wu, Zhe; Han, Yanbing; Xu, Puying; Chang, Lvhua; Wu, Qian

doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.554547

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This increase in IL-4 appeared more robust in the cortex, particularly within the sham injured groups. The cytokine, IL-4, is well known to promote anti-inflammatory phenotypes in microglia and astrocytes [ 50 , 51 ]. Upon treatment with IL-4, macrophages [ 52 ] and microglia [ 53 , 54 ] polarize to a more anti-inflammatory phenotype associated with increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Ym1, Fizzl, and IL-10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Injury Buprenorphine Administration Is Associated with Long-Term Region-Specific Glial Alterations in Rats

et al. 2022

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major leading cause of death and disability. While previous studies regarding focal pathologies following TBI have been done, there is a lack of information concerning the role of analgesics and their influences on injury pathology. Buprenorphine (Bup), an opioid analgesic, is a commonly used analgesic in experimental TBI models. Our previous studies investigated the acute effects of Buprenorphine-sustained release-Lab (Bup-SR-Lab) on diffuse neuronal/glial pathology, neuroinflammation, cell damage, and systemic physiology. The current study investigated the longer-term chronic outcomes of Bup-SR-Lab treatment at 4 weeks following TBI utilizing a central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) model in adult male rats. Histological assessments of physiological changes, neuronal damage, cortical and thalamic cytokine expression, microglial and astrocyte morphological changes, and myelin alterations were done, as we had done in our acute study. In the current study the Whisker Nuisance Task (WNT) was also performed pre- and 4w post-injury to assess changes in somatosensory sensitivity following saline or Bup-SR-Lab treatment. Bup-SR-Lab treatment had no impact on overall physiology or neuronal damage at 4w post-injury regardless of region or injury, nor did it have any significant effects on somatosensory sensitivity. However, greater IL-4 cytokine expression with Bup-SR-Lab treatment was observed compared to saline treated animals. Microglia and astrocytes also demonstrated region-specific morphological alterations associated with Bup-SR-Lab treatment, in which cortical microglia and thalamic astrocytes were particularly vulnerable to Bup-mediated changes. There were discernable injury-specific and region-specific differences regarding myelin integrity and changes in specific myelin basic protein (MBP) isoform expression following Bup-SR-Lab treatment. This study indicates that use of Bup-SR-Lab could impact TBI-induced glial alterations in a region-specific manner 4w following diffuse brain injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Injury Buprenorphine Administration Is Associated with Long-Term Region-Specific Glial Alterations in Rats

et al. 2022

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“…Silverberg et al found in mice study that a single tonic-clonic seizure induces IL-4and IgE-negative T and B cells to migrate to the brain and transform into Il-4+ and IgE+ cells, respectively [49]. There is an increase in Il-4 in the serum of patients after seizures, indicating that this cytokine may be a natural response of the body to injury [50,51]. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that, due to the multimodal action of cytokines, IL-4 can play anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory roles in different environments [50,51].…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increase in Il-4 in the serum of patients after seizures, indicating that this cytokine may be a natural response of the body to injury [50,51]. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that, due to the multimodal action of cytokines, IL-4 can play anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory roles in different environments [50,51]. IL-4 therefore likely plays a significant role in epileptogenesis and the physiopathology of epilepsy [50,51].…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that, due to the multimodal action of cytokines, IL-4 can play anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory roles in different environments [50,51]. IL-4 therefore likely plays a significant role in epileptogenesis and the physiopathology of epilepsy [50,51]. IL-33 on the other hand seems to have a rather protective role, whereas the role of IL-13 is debatable [50,52].…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Atopic Dermatitis Only a Skin Disease?

Mesjasz

Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska

Chałubiński

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory dermatosis that imposes significant patient and population burdens. In addition to the cutaneous signs and symptoms, growing evidence suggests that AD is systemic in nature. Certain diseases can possibly co-occur with AD as a result of coincidental exposure to similar environmental factors. However, it is also suspected that they are linked to the pathogenesis of AD through more complex genetic and immunological mechanisms, but these correlations remain less understood. It is of great need to seek explanations for the higher frequency of the number of cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders that have been observed in epidemiologic investigations among AD patients. Moreover, analysing the immunology of chronic inflammation and its correction, activation, or suppression may prevent the development of a variety of comorbidities. As comorbid diseases in patients diagnosed with AD may potentially go undetected, physicians should be aware of them.

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“…По своей иммунологической роли является сильным противовоспалительным цитокином, способным угнетать выработку макрофагами воспалительных цитокинов, таких как ИЛ-1, -6, фактор некроза опухолей (ФНО), а также обеспечивать сильный противоопухолевый иммунитет [43]. Способность снижать уровни воспалительных цитокинов, обладающих сильным возбуждающим действием на нейрон, делает ИЛ-4 потенциальным противосудорожным агентом [25]. Тема о влиянии ИЛ-4 все еще нова, так как первая экспериментальная работа на эту тему была опубликована в 2017 г. На крысах с искусственно смоделированной эпилепсией исследователи продемонстрировали способность ИЛ-4 не только уменьшать клинические проявления эпилепсии, но и влиять на состояние микроглии [37].…”

Section: интерлейкин-4unclassified

Нейровоспаление И Эпилептогенез (Обзор Литературы)

Зайцев¹,

Sa²,

Куликова³

et al. 2021

Неврология И Нейрохирургия. Восточная Европа

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Эпилептология является одним из наиболее актуальных направлений в современной неврологии. Эпилепсия наносит значительный урон ментальному и физическому здоровью человека, повышает риск преждевременной смерти, существенно ухудшает качество жизни пациента и его семьи, а также повышает финансовую нагрузку на систему здравоохранения. Вышесказанным продиктована потребность дальнейшего изучения фундаментальных процессов, обусловливающих развитие и поддержание эпилепсии. За последние десятилетия появились исследования, свидетельствующие о связи нейровоспаления и эпилептогенеза. Ключевым субстратом концепции нейровоспаления выступает дисбаланс между воспалительными и противовоспалительными цитокинами. В данной статье дано подробное описание воздействия воспалительных (интерлейкин-1, -2, -6, -8 и фактор некроза опухолей альфа) и противовоспалительных цитокинов (антагонист рецептора интерлейкина-1, интерлейкин-4, -10) на функциональное состояние нейронов. В обзоре литературы приведены результаты изучения нейровоспаления на клеточных препаратах и животных моделях, а также исследований, посвященных изучению влияния цитокинов на эпилепсию у людей. Epileptology is one of the most relevant areas in modern neurology. Epilepsy causes significant damage to the mental and physical health of a person, increases the risk of premature death, significantly worsens the quality of life of the patient and their family, as well as increases the financial burden on the health care system. This causes the need for further study of the fundamental processes that determine the development and maintenance of epilepsy. Over the past decades, there have been studies that suggest the connection between neuroinflammation and epileptogenesis. The key substrate of the concept of neuroinflammation is the imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This article provides a detailed description of the effects of inflammatory (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-4, interleukin-10) on the functional state of neurons. The literature review presents the results of the study of neuroinflammation in cellular preparations and animal models, as well as the results of the studies on the effect of cytokines on epilepsy in humans.

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Interleukin 4 Affects Epilepsy by Regulating Glial Cells: Potential and Possible Mechanism

Cited by 10 publications

References 91 publications

Post-Injury Buprenorphine Administration Is Associated with Long-Term Region-Specific Glial Alterations in Rats

Post-Injury Buprenorphine Administration Is Associated with Long-Term Region-Specific Glial Alterations in Rats

Is Atopic Dermatitis Only a Skin Disease?

Нейровоспаление И Эпилептогенез (Обзор Литературы)

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