Interleukin-6 level is a powerful predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Gager, Gloria M; Biesinger, Benedikt; Hofer, Felix; Winter, Max‐Paul; Hengstenberg, Christian; Jilma, Bernd; Eyileten, Ceren; Postuła, Marek; Lang, Irene; Siller‐Matula, Jolanta M.

doi:10.1016/j.vph.2020.106806

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Circulating IL-6 is a biomarker for CVD such as acute coronary syndrome with atherosclerosis ( 142 ). A study on carotid atherosclerosis showed that blood levels of IL-6 and TNFα were higher in patients with carotid atherosclerosis compared to control subjects and the cytokine levels increased with increasing amounts of carotid atherosclerosis stenosis ( 143 ).…”

Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling

Evans

Yerly

Vorst

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function and subsequent ischemia and organ damage. One major pathomechanism driving this detrimental vascular remodeling is atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial dysfunction allowing the accumulation of intimal lipids and leukocytes. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and modified lipids further drive vascular remodeling ultimately leading to thrombus formation and/or vessel occlusion which can cause major cardiovascular events. Although it is clear that vascular wall remodeling is an elementary mechanism of atherosclerotic vascular disease, the diverse underlying pathomechanisms and its consequences are still insufficiently understood.

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Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling

Evans

Yerly

Vorst

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…High IL-6 levels are associated with a decreased ejection fraction and a larger infarct size at the 4-month follow-up visit after STEMI [ 129 ]. Furthermore, in the ACS setting, IL-6 outperformed the accuracy of CRP in predicting long-term cardiovascular death [ 130 ]. The molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 causes cardiomyocytes’ apoptosis and remodeling-related ischemia-reperfusion deserve a deeper insight.…”

Section: Biomarkers In the Diagnosis And Prognosis Of Acute Myocardia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real Pandora’s Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19

Timpau

Miftode

Leca

et al. 2022

Life

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The intricate relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the cardiovascular system is an extensively studied pandemic topic, as there is an ever-increasing amount of evidence that reports a high prevalence of acute cardiac injury in the context of viral infection. In patients with Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac troponin or other various biomarkers was observed, suggesting acute cardiac injury, thus predicting both a severe course of the disease and a poor outcome. Pathogenesis of acute cardiac injury is not yet completely elucidated, though several mechanisms are allegedly involved, such as a direct cardiomyocyte injury, oxygen supply-demand inequity caused by hypoxia, several active myocardial depressant factors during sepsis, and endothelial dysfunction due to the hyperinflammatory status. Moreover, the increased levels of plasma cytokines and catecholamines and a significantly enhanced prothrombotic environment may lead to the destabilization and rupture of atheroma plaques, subsequently triggering an acute coronary syndrome. In the present review, we focus on describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute cardiac injury in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore some novel therapeutic strategies involving immunomodulatory therapy, as well as their role in preventing a severe form of the disease, with both the short-term outcome and the long-term cardiovascular sequelae being equally important in patients with SARS-CoV-2 induced acute cardiac injury.

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“…More importantly, studying biopsy and blood samples from the same donor will determine whether molecules in the blood mirror biological activities in the lesion. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway is a crucial mediator of inflammation in the lesions ( 58 ), and elevated plasma IL-6 in patients with acute coronary syndrome is currently the most powerful predictor of increased mortality in both short and long terms ( 59 , 60 ). To explore its utilization as a biomarker for risk of cardiovascular events, the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies study found that plasma IL-6 is positively correlated with those in the carotid lesions ( 61 ), but no significant differences were observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients ( 62 ).…”

Section: Current Gaps In Knowledge Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Challenges in Understanding Atherosclerosis by Human Biospecimen Studies

Elishaev

Hodonsky²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Over the last few years, new high-throughput biotechnologies and bioinformatic methods are revolutionizing our way of deep profiling tissue specimens at the molecular levels. These recent innovations provide opportunities to advance our understanding of atherosclerosis using human lesions aborted during autopsies and cardiac surgeries. Studies on human lesions have been focusing on understanding the relationship between molecules in the lesions with tissue morphology, genetic risk of atherosclerosis, and future adverse cardiovascular events. This review will highlight ways to utilize human atherosclerotic lesions in translational research by work from large cardiovascular biobanks to tissue registries. We will also discuss the opportunities and challenges of working with human atherosclerotic lesions in the era of next-generation sequencing.

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Interleukin-6 level is a powerful predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling

Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling

A Real Pandora’s Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19

Opportunities and Challenges in Understanding Atherosclerosis by Human Biospecimen Studies

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