Interleukin-8 is elevated in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Wen, Wang; Li, Wei; Yang, Xue; Zhang, Tong; Wang, Yuxuan; Zhong, Rui; Jiao, Yanmei; Li, Tongzeng; Jiang, Taiyi; Tian, Yuan; Wu, Hao

doi:10.3855/jidc.3542

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…IL-8 is a chemokine secreted by macrophages and other cell types, and the main biological activity is to attract and activate neutrophils so that it could produce local inflammation in the body. The level of IL-8 in patients with BE or PE at admission is significantly elevated, and in the BE+PE group, the levels were maximal [39]. In the BE+PE group, high IL-8 levels lasted longer than normal compared to other groups with milder cases.…”

Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Predicting Severe Enterovirus 71-Infected Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Cytokines and Chemokines

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most common intestinal virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children (mostly ≤5 years of age). Generally, children with EV71-infected HFMD have mild symptoms that resolve spontaneously within 7-14 days without complications. However, some EV71-infected HFMD cases lead to severe complications such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary edema, cardiorespiratory complication, circulatory disorders, poliomyelitis-like paralysis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, neonatal sepsis, and even death. The mechanism of EV71 pathogenesis has been studied extensively, and the regulation of host immune responses is suspected to aggravate EV71induced severe complications. Recently, several cytokines or chemokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-37, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-10, IL-22, IL-17F, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF, and HMGB1 have been reported to be associated with severe EV71 infection by numerous research teams, including our own. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of the cytokines and chemokines with severe EV71 infection.

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Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Predicting Severe Enterovirus 71-Infected Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Cytokines and Chemokines

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Plasma was harvested from the collected samples within 30 min and stored at −80 °C for subsequent cytokine analysis. Concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNFα (all antibodies from Bio-Rad, USA), IL-17a (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), IL-1β (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria), IL1Ra (Cytoscreen, Biosource, Belgium), IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, IFNλ4 (eBioscience, CA, USA), and IL-23 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were measured by ELISA according to manufacturers’ instruction 16 22 23 . ELISAs were performed in duplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine levels contribute to the pathogenesis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via STAT3 activation

Jin

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were grouped according to the degree of encephalopathy, with healthy volunteers as controls. We investigated clinical presentation, protein and mRNA expression of 14 cytokines, and activation of six STAT proteins, the downstream signaling mediators. Levels of all 14 cytokines were significantly elevated in HCC patients with clinical hepatic encephalopathy. Statistical analysis showed that levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17α, IFNλ2 and IFNλ3 were correlated with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Multivariate regression analysis identified serum IL-6, IFNλ3 and IL-17α as independent risk factors for MHE. Increased mRNA levels of IL-6 and IFNγ were associated with MHE. Among the STAT proteins examined, only STAT3 was elevated in MHE. Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor protected neurons from cytokine-induced apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, this study identified potential biomarkers for MHE in HCC. The cytokines investigated may induce neural apoptosis via STAT3 in the pathogenesis of MHE in HCC.

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“…The plasma was harvested within 30 min at 37 °C of venipuncture from EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples and stored at −80 °C for subsequent cytokine analysis. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNFα (Bio-Rad, USA), IL-17a (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), IL-1β (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria), IL1Ra (Cytoscreen, Biosource, Belgium), IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, IFNλ4 (eBioscience, CA, USA), and IL-23 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were measured by ELISA according to manufacturers’ instruction [ 16 – 20 ]. CSF concentrations of IL-6, IFNγ, IFNλ3 and IL-17a were measured using human cytoline/chemokine MILLIplex kits (Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA, USA) [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interictal cytokine levels were correlated to seizure severity of epileptic patients: a retrospective study on 1218 epileptic patients

Wang

Guo

2015

J Transl Med

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Background: Many aspects on the correlation between epilepsy and cytokine levels were unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlations between cytokine levels and severe epilepsy. Methods:Totally 1218 epileptic patients were grouped by types of epilepsy: TLE (temporal lobe epilepsy, n = 409), XLE (extra-temporal lobe epilepsy, n = 290) and IGE (idiopathic generalized epilepsy, n = 519). Two hundred healthy volunteers were as controls. Clinical findings and levels of 14 serum and CSF cytokines and 6 STAT members were collected, measured and analyzed.Results: Analysis showed no differences in interictal cytokine levels among patients from TLE, XLE and IGE groups. Interictal serum levels of IL-1b, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, IFNλ3 and IL-17a were associated with seizure severity of epileptic patients, measured by seizure frequency, VA score or NHS3. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that interictal concentrations of serum IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17a, IFNλ3, and CSF IL-6, IL-17a, IFNλ3 were significant biomarkers for patients with severe epilepsy. mRNA levels of IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17a, and IFNλ3 were elevated in different types of epilepsy. Activation of all STATs was elevated in epilepsy, and STAT3 was activated 9-fold in average, which was the highest among all STATs. Conclusions:Interictal serum IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17a, IFNλ3, and CSF IL-6, IL-17a, IFNλ3 could be used as potential biomarkers for severe epilepsy. Activation of STATs, especially STAT3, was important in epilepsy. Our findings pointed out crucial roles of cytokine levels in epilepsy.

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Interleukin-8 is elevated in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Predicting Severe Enterovirus 71-Infected Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Cytokines and Chemokines

Predicting Severe Enterovirus 71-Infected Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Cytokines and Chemokines

Cytokine levels contribute to the pathogenesis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via STAT3 activation

Interictal cytokine levels were correlated to seizure severity of epileptic patients: a retrospective study on 1218 epileptic patients

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