Intermediate strain rate energy harvesting from the impact of PZT 52/48 and 95/5

Abstract

The depolarization behavior of lead zirconate titanate 95/5 and 52/48 has been well characterized under uniaxial strain with strain rates on the order of 10 6 /s, and under quasi-static uniaxial stress loading with strain rates on the order of 0.1-100/s. This study examines the depolarization behavior under uniaxial stress at strain rates on the order of 10 to 10 3 /s. Specimens were loaded using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Loading rates from 7.2 to 92.5 MPa/ms were investigated, with a maximum stress of around 900 MPa. The results show significant depolarization rate sensitivity in lead zirconate titanate 52/48, while lead zirconate titanate 95/5 exhibits two responses above and below the stress rate of 50-60 MPa/ms, both with little rate sensitivity.

Pressure‐driven phase transition and energy conversion in ferroelectrics: Principles, materials, and applications

“…The domain motion is delayed at a high loading rate, thus resulting in a lower released polarization than that at a low loading rate. When the pressure is increased to >700 MPa, an FE–paraelectric (FE–PE) phase transition occurs 55,56 . However, in the case of PZT95/5 ceramics, a notable feature is the coexistence of four phases, including FR LTR , FR HTR , and AFE tetragonal phase (AFE T ) and AFE O , in the region of 0.3–0.4 GPa and 50–100°C.…”

“…In the case of PZT52/48 ceramics, a phase transition does not occur, and they remain in the tetragonal phase under a high pressure. 56 The non-180 • domainwall motion increases and the polarization is reoriented to minimize the free energy of the system, which results in partial depolarization. 3 Depolarization is sensitive to the pressure-loading rate.…”

“…When the pressure is increased to >700 MPa, an FE-paraelectric (FE-PE) phase transition occurs. 55,56 However, in the case of PZT95/5 ceramics, a notable feature is the coexistence of four phases, including FR LTR , FR HTR , and AFE tetragonal phase (AFE T ) and AFE O , in the region of 0.3-0.4 GPa and 50-100 • C. The pressure-driven FE-AFE phase transition at approximately 270 MPa depolarizes all the surfacebound charges owing to the zero net polarization of the AFE phase, as discussed above. However, it has been discovered by neutron diffraction that the volume contraction at the FE R -AFE O transition results in the retained minority FE R phase being "clamped," which is attributed to the sample expanded slightly along the a axis slightly and contracted along c axis at the transition.…”

High strain-rate magnetoelasticity in Galfenol

“…26 While Kolsky bar testing predominantly focuses on standard engineering materials, including concrete and sand, 27 several papers have also studied the dynamic response of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). [28][29][30] The piezoelectric studies focused on PZT 95/5 analyzed pulsed power produced during phase transformations (c.f. Ref.…”