Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on anatomical imaging and functional imaging

Wang, Wei; Qiu, Pengfei; Li, Jianbin

doi:10.1007/s12282-022-01377-7

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“… 14,19 However, higher ADC 0 and lower K in the luminal subtype was reported in another recent study. 20 This study also suggested improved diagnostic performance by combining DKI parameters with parameters obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Diffusion kurtosis imaging as a biomarker of breast cancer

et al. 2023

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Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a diffusion-weighted imaging method that describes non-Gaussian signal behavior using a relatively simple mathematical model. A parameter, kurtosis K, describes the deviation of the diffusion signal decay from a gaussian pattern. The deviation reflects the complexity of the tissue microstructure affecting water diffusion. Several studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of DKI in distinguishing malignant from benign breast lesions. DKI has been reported to correlate with subtypes and with several molecular and other factors related to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Some technical considerations remain to be resolved for the clinical application of DKI in the breast. Advances in knowledge: DKI, which increases the sensitivity to complex tissue microstructure compared to standard DWI, has been applied in the breast, allowing to increase clinical performance in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions and in predicting prognosis or treatment response in breast cancer.

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Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Diffusion kurtosis imaging as a biomarker of breast cancer

et al. 2023

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“…In the context of breast cancer, the presence of sternal or parasternal swelling is usually a clinical indicator of advanced internal mammary chain (IMC) node involvement [ 9 ]. Due to the anatomical position, these lymph nodes are not palpable on clinical examination and their involvement is usually found on radiological investigation or surgical intervention for a known breast cancer case [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Elusive Primary: Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Presenting Solely as a Hard Sternal Mass

et al. 2023

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Patient: Female, 62-year-old Final Diagnosis: Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast Symptoms: Mass at the sternum Clinical Procedure: Biopsy of the sternal mass Specialty: Family Medicine • Orthopedics and Traumatology • Surgery Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a diverse category of malignancies diagnosed in patients who have metastatic disease but without an identifiable primary tumor at initial presentation. Case Report: We report a case of CUP which was later diagnosed to be metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast in a 62-year-old woman. The patient initially presented to a primary care clinic with an incidental finding of a small hard mass in the middle of the sternum, with no other clinical findings in the breast or axillary lymph nodes. Chest X-ray, ultrasound, and CT scan of the sternum suggested a benign sternal lesion, and a mammogram was normal. Due to the persistence of the mass, a biopsy was performed. The histopathological findings revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma, most likely from breast origin, with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and mamma-globin on immunohistochemistry studies. The patient subsequently underwent PET scan, repeat mammogram, and MRI of the breast. Following high uptake in the rectum on PET, a colonoscopy was performed, revealing a suspicious rectal mass. The mass was surgically excised, and the final histopathological examination concluded the mass was a second primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Genetic analyses for BRCA1 and BRCA2 were negative. Conclusions: This is a rare case of an isolated bone-like lesion on the sternum due to metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast in a patient with no prior history of breast cancer and lacking any clinical or radiological evidence of breast or axillary lymph node lesions on presentation. The patient was also subsequently diagnosed with 2 primary carcinomas. Thorough clinical examination, extensive radiological investigations, laboratory investigations, histo-pathological examination, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential in managing CUP.

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Sonographic localisation of lymph nodes suspicious of metastatic breast cancer to surgical axillary levels

Fenech,

Burke,

Arnett

et al. 2024

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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The axillary lymph node (LN) burden of breast cancer patients guides multidisciplinary management and treatment regimes. Sonographic imaging is used to identify the presence, number and location of axillary LNs suspicious of malignancy and used to guide nodal fine needle aspirations and biopsies. Axillary LNs suspicious of harbouring breast cancer metastasis can be localised to three surgical axillary levels, numbered according to their location relative to the pectoralis minor muscle and lymph flow. To sonographically identify and localise suspicious axillary LNs, an understanding of the axillary anatomy, muscular sonographic landmarks, surgical axillary levels, and the sonographic technique to image and distinguish between benign and suspicious LNs is required.

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Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on anatomical imaging and functional imaging

Cited by 9 publications

References 89 publications

Diffusion kurtosis imaging as a biomarker of breast cancer

Diffusion kurtosis imaging as a biomarker of breast cancer

The Elusive Primary: Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Presenting Solely as a Hard Sternal Mass

Sonographic localisation of lymph nodes suspicious of metastatic breast cancer to surgical axillary levels

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