Internal stratigraphic relationships in the Etendeka group in the Huab Basin, NW Namibia: understanding the onset of flood volcanism

Jerram, Dougal A.; Mountney, Nigel P.; Holzförster, Frank; Stollhofen, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0264-3707(99)00018-6

Cited by 135 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…But widespread eruptions only developed later. This is also seen in other LIP (e.g., Paraná-Etendeka) where the first eruptions were small and increased in magnitude and volume with time (Jerram et al, 1999). For other LIPs, for example in the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), rapid, transient elevation changes are seen in high-resolution sedimentary records in certain parts of the basin both prior to and during flood volcanism (Jones et al, 2001;Ukstins Peate et al, 2003;Saunders et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models

Sun

Lai

Wignall

et al. 2010

Lithos

163

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Stéphanie, Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models, LITHOS (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.05.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T supported by these data; rather a more complex interaction between plume and lithosphere with minor localized uplift and subsidence is inferred. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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mentioning

confidence: 85%

Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models

Sun

Lai

Wignall

et al. 2010

Lithos

163

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“…The first PEIP volcanic activity overlapped a palaeoerg that composes the aeolian sandstones of the Botucatu and Twyfelfontein Formations in the Paraná and Huab Basins, respectively (Jerram et al 1999(Jerram et al , 2000. The Torres Trough stratigraphy was previously divided into five volcanic episodes and later into four formations in an attempt to construct a formal stratigraphic framework (Waichel et al 2012, 2017.…”

Section: Torres Trough Eruptive Successionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and stratigraphy of Serra Geral silicic lava flows in the northern segment of the Torres Trough, Paraná Igneous Province

2018

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The impetus for this research was the enigma regarding the origin of the extensive silicic volcanic units in the Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Province. Are they rheoignimbrites, lava flows, or a combination of both? The São Joaquim silicic eruptive sequence is comprised of Palmas-Type aphyric dacites and is located in the northern segment of Torres Trough, a dissected mountainous region in southern Brazil. These dacite outcrops form plateaus and remnant hills that are scattered above a basaltic andesitic landscape. The original morphology of the silicic volcanic flows was constrained based on the internal architecture, geometry, and cyclicity of the lithofacies, in conjunction with petrographic and geochemical information. The data suggests the presence of ancient large tabular and lobate silicic lava flows (~100 m thick and ~10-40 km extents). No pyroclastic features were found. Eight interdigitating units were mapped. These large aspect ratios are similar to ones for basaltic flows and those of Snake River-type rhyolites, and they suggest high effusion rates and high temperatures as well as the presence of well-insulated cooled crusts. Lavas would have overflowed from long fissure vents that had created an extensive volcanic silicic surface body composed of conjugated and interdigitated flows above the north segment of the Torres Trough region. KEYWORDS: Extensive silicic lavas; Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province; Serra Geral volcanism; stratigraphy of Torres ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONExtensive silicic units are commonly associated with welded to rheomorfic high temperature (~1,100ºC) ignimbrites (White et al. 2009, Bryan et al. 2002, 2010, Ernest 2014, Wolff & Wright 1981. However, silicic lava flows can also form voluminous units, including those in some Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) such as the North Atlantic, Madagascar, Snake RiverYellowstone, Chon Aike and Paraná-Etendeka LIPs (Mahoney & Coffin 1997, Ellis et al. 2013, Bonnichsen & Kauffman 1987, Pankhurst et al. 1998. The silicic volcanic units of the Cretaceous Paraná-Etendeka LIP were previously understood to be rheoignimbrites, in which pyroclastic textures would have been masked during emplacement. Therefore, extensive tabular silicic plateaus, high emplacement temperatures, and the presence of circular structures (e.g., Messum Crater in Namibia) led several pioneering authors to infer a pyroclastic origin for these rocks (Whittingham 1989, Garland et al. 1995, Roisenberg 1989, Milner et al. 1992. Since then, much important research on geochemistry and correlation has been conducted within the province, but there is still a lack of detailed cartographic and stratigraphic work, which could help in clarifying the origins of and relationships among the silicic rocks. Therefore, the emphasis of this study is on the physical aspects of the rocks, such as the internal architecture and geometry of bodies and their spatial distribution. The goal of this work is to begin to characterize the geologic framework of the wild and mountainous areas of the nor...

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“…Vaughan et al, 1998;Féraud et al, 1999); (iv) Berriasian-Hauterivian mantle plume activity in northern Israel (Segev, 2009); a 1500 km wide magmatic province initiated in the Hauterivian-Barremian of Australia (Bryan et al, 1997). Alongside these are the extensive Paraná flood basalts of South America and the Etendeka Traps of Namibia that were jointly emplaced during a rifting phase throughout the late Valanginian and Hauterivian, possibly related to initiation of seafloor spreading in the South Atlantic (Harry & Sawyer, 1992;Jerram et al, 1999;Seton et al, 2012). The Paraná event (133 Ma) is estimated to have produced approximately 1.5 million km 3 of volcanic rock, implying a rate consistent with a mantle plume origin (Renne et al, 1992), and around three times the volume of the end-Cretaceous Deccan volcanism.…”

Section: (4) Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Late Jurassic witnessed a series of large volcanic events, with the eruption of one of the single largest volcanoes in our Solar System occurring at the J/K boundary (Sager et al, 2013). This was followed by the emplacement of two large igneous provinces in the Valanginian-Hauterivian (Harry & Sawyer, 1992;Jerram et al, 1999;Seton et al, 2012) and latest Barremian to early Aptian (Renne et al, 1992). Despite both of these existing for longer timescales and being of considerably greater volume than the end-Cretaceous Deccan volcanism, their potential biotic impacts have never been investigated.…”

Section: (C) Additional Environmental Changes That Require Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

et al. 2016

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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Internal stratigraphic relationships in the Etendeka group in the Huab Basin, NW Namibia: understanding the onset of flood volcanism

Cited by 135 publications

References 25 publications

Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models

Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models

Morphology and stratigraphy of Serra Geral silicic lava flows in the northern segment of the Torres Trough, Paraná Igneous Province

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

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