International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: allergic rhinitis—executive summary

Abstract

BackgroundThe available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature continues to grow. Critical evaluation and understanding of this literature is important to appropriately utilize this knowledge in the care of AR patients. The International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR) has been produced as a multidisciplinary international effort. This Executive Summary highlights and summarizes the findings of the comprehensive ICAR:AR document.MethodsThe ICAR:AR document was produced using previously described methodology. Specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence‐based review (EBR), or evidence‐based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus.ResultsOver 100 individual topics related to AR diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR were addressed in the comprehensive ICAR:AR document. Herein, the Executive Summary provides a synopsis of these findings.ConclusionIn the ICAR:AR critical review of the literature, several strengths were identified. In addition, significant knowledge gaps exist in the AR literature where current practice is not based on the best quality evidence; these should be seen as opportunities for additional research. The ICAR:AR document evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature. This Executive Summary condenses these findings into a short summary. The reader is also encouraged to consult the comprehensive ICAR:AR document for a thorough description of this work.

The Atopy Index Inventory: A Brief and Simple Tool to Identify Atopic Patients

“…This group included 124 individuals, i.e., 76 females (age range 4-79 years, mean 36.8 ± 19.11) and 48 males (age range 6-70 years, mean 32.7 ±18.97). According to EAACI guidelines [19], this group included those patients with a positive skin prick test to at least one of the allergens tested and/or a positive result on an intradermal test (wheal diameter > 5 mm) and/or elevated total IgE > 260 IU/mL and/or specific IgE > 0.70 kU/L, allergic rhinopathy according to the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis [31], and/or successful treatment with immunotherapy.…”

Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study

“…The occurrence of respiratory diseases has risen dramatically in recent decades turning respiratory conditions, including Allergic Rhinitis (AR), into an "epidemic" [1,2]. AR is a systemic airway in ammatory condition induced by inhaled allergens in sensitized subjects.…”

“…Symptoms can range from mild to moderate-severe and AR can result in a signi cant worsening of quality of life [5,6]. Depending on geographic location, the incidence of AR has been estimated to affect from 10-20% of worldwide population [1,2].…”

“…According to this hypothesis, reducing the exposure to microbes and environmental antigens might cause an improper development of the host immune system, nally leading to an imbalanced antigen response [8]. Several actors could have a role in this altered immune response to allergens and environmental agents, including the innate and the adaptive immune system, the nasal nervous system and the nasal epithelium [1,3].…”

Evaluation of allergic rhinitis patients and their skin prick test results in Kayseri province

“…Yine aynı belgede tedavide alerjenden kaçınma B kanıt düzeyinde önerilmektedir. [7] Hastanın neye duyarlı olduğunu bilmesi ondan kaçınması ve alerjik yükü azaltabilmesi bakımından önemlidir.…”