International factor mobility and environment in a dual agricultural economy

Subsidy of Land Rent and Wage Inequality in a Dual Agricultural Economy

“…First, we consider the preliminary stage of modern agriculture. At this stage, traditional agriculture locates in the hinterlands and regionally separated from the modern agriculture which surrounds an urban area (Lundborg, 1990;Wu & Li, 2021). Thus, the geographic restriction brings two characteristics: (1) land is a sector-specific factor; (2) and unskilled labor employed by the modern agriculture earns the same wage rate with its counterpart in the manufacturing sector.…”

“…The existing theoretical literature, scholars divide the agriculture sector into two distinct sectors: traditional and modern agriculture and analyze the impacts of the development of modern agriculture on the economy and environment (Chaudhuri, 2007;Li et al, 2013;Dong & Li, 2019;Wu & Li, 2021). In particular, Li et al (2013) analyze land rent subsidy for modern agriculture increases the land employment in modern agriculture and reduces that in traditional agriculture.…”

General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets

“…Scholars explore this issue from different angles and propose many mechanisms to provide theoretical explanations. One strand of literature focuses on the role of external factors, such as international factor mobility, trade, in deteriorating environment (e.g., [13][14][15]. The other strand of literature centers on the role of internal factors, such as remittance of rural-urban migrants, skill formation, public-good, in worsening the environment (e.g., [16][17][18]).…”

Agricultural producer service subsidies and agricultural pollution: An approach based on endogenous agricultural pollution

“…Li and Wu (2018) studied the impacts of policies on the promotion of modern agriculture on the environment and economy under the framework of a three-sector general equilibrium model with industrial pollution externalities. Wu and Li (2021) investigated the effects that international factor movements have on the environment in developing countries under agricultural dualism.…”