International Management as Management of Diversity: Reconceptualizing Distance as Diversity

Abstract

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Performance of Chinese foreign subsidiaries: the role of national distance, organizational learning and overseas Chinese networks

“…Furthermore, our findings provide nuanced support for the studies of national distance, with authors challenging this traditional assumption of distance as a liability, choosing to also consider the potential benefits of distance (Edman, 2016; Stahl et al. , 2016), capturing the inherent complexity of national distance and enabling scholars to revisit and better understand relevant phenomena in IB research (Lumineau et al , 2021). In particular, our findings affirm that cultural distance can be either an asset (solutions H1a, H1b, and H2) or a liability (NH1) for foreign subsidiaries, depending on how cultural distance is combined with other conditions.…”

“…A further analysis of the results shows that, in most cases (except H2), high-performing foreign subsidiaries can maintain moderate embeddedness within overseas Chinese networks, providing nuanced support for the research on network embeddedness, with authors noting that an optimal level of external embeddedness (Berchicci, 2013;Ferraris et al, 2020) and implying the relationship between a subsidiary and an external network cannot be too lose to prevent a relationship from forming nor too tight to cause excessive dependence (Uzzi, 1997). Furthermore, our findings provide nuanced support for the studies of national distance, with authors challenging this traditional assumption of distance as a liability, choosing to also consider the potential benefits of distance (Edman, 2016;Stahl et al, 2016), capturing the inherent complexity of national distance and enabling scholars to revisit and better understand relevant phenomena in IB research (Lumineau et al, 2021). In particular, our findings affirm that cultural distance can be either an asset (solutions H1a, H1b, and H2) or a liability (NH1) for foreign subsidiaries, depending on how cultural distance is combined with other conditions.…”

“…Distance is at the heart of IB researchafter all, "International management is management of distance" (Zaheer et al, 2012). Despite the significant advances in our understanding of national distance and subsidiary performance, we still do not have a clear consensus of whether distance creates liabilities or advantages (Lumineau et al, 2021). At the national level, many papers on international management have studied the effect of institutional and cultural distance between home and host countries on location selection, entry modes, knowledge transfer and performance in MNCs (Xu et al, 2021).…”

State and prospects of international integration associations development in terms of new challenges

“…The conducted research is based on the theoretical basis created by both foreign and Russian scientists. Of particular value were scientific works in which: conceptual approaches to the origins of the effects of trade relations are outlined (Viner, 1950); theoretical foundations of economic integration are revealed (Krugman and Venables, 1996;Lumineau et al, 2021;Tan et al, 2020), the dynamics, stages, and forms of economic integration associations (Balassa, 1967;Glazyev, 2019; Postel-Vinay, 2020); the forecast of the strength of economic integration in the terms of global challenges is given (Chia and Plummer, 2015;Shenkar et al, 2020); the applied aspects of the analysis of integration processes are revealed (Akhunbayev et al, 2020;Froese et al, 2021;Kets and Sandroni, 2021;Kӧpid, 2015); the vision of possible solutions to integration problems (Jones, 2015;Krugman and Venables, 1996;Oliveira and Lumineau, 2019). The statistical data and analytical reports of the Eurasian Development Bank, international reports of researchers representing the EU and EAEU member states, as well as other materials of other authoritative organizations served as an information base.…”

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in International Business: Dimensions and Challenges

“…Both distance and diversity are conceptually close, acting as "two sides of the same coin" (Doh, 2021). The former captures differences between countries, the latter differences between individuals (Lumineau, Hanisch, & Wurtz, 2021). The diversity literature offers nuance and sophistication which can revitalize traditional approaches to distance within international business (IB), infusing it with much needed actionable insights (Doh, 2021).…”