Internet Addiction and Physical Activity among Polish and Portuguese Students in the Final Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of Internet addiction and physical activity, as well as the relationship between internet addiction and physical activity, among Polish and Portuguese students in the final year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based online survey was conducted among students in Poland and Portugal (398 respondents) aged between 17 and 26 in October 2022. The level of internet addiction was assessed by the Kimberly Young questionnaire in Polish and in Portuguese. The level of physical activity was measured by the international physical activity questionnaire in Polish and in Portuguese. Results: In the study population, the majority of the respondents were mildly addicted to the internet. The average level of addiction was reported by 9.3–23.5% of the respondents. The average level of internet addiction was higher among Portuguese students and among men. Those who had suffered from COVID-19 (especially more than once) and were more physically active showed a higher tendency towards internet addiction. Conclusions: Internet addiction is a problem that has to be monitored and given more attention, particularly among male students. The results presented provide the first statistical insight into the problem of internet addiction among students in both countries and form the basis for further studies. They also highlight the severity of the problem and point to the need for early preventive and protective interventions against problematic internet use. It appears that effective strategies should include promoting the benefits of physical activity.

A Case Report Based on Reality Therapy on Problematic Internet Use

“…Although internet applications have many benefits, some individuals experience problems due to excessive, uncontrolled, and dysfunctional use (Fernandes et al, 2019). As of April 2023, 75% of the 5.18 billion internet users worldwide are seen to be adolescents and young adults (Statista Internet Statistics, 2023), and it is emphasized that the tendency for internet addiction is higher in men (Zalewska et al, 2023). The symptoms of internet addiction, which is a type of behavioral addiction, have been frequently seen among young adults in recent years.…”

“…It is stated that with the increase in internet use, research and preventive studies on its effects on people have gained importance (Zalewska et al, 2023). Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used in the intervention process, it is emphasized that other psychological treatments, such as reality therapy, family therapy, and pharmacological interventions, are also effective in reducing symptoms.…”