Internet Freedom in Asia: Case of Internet Censorship in China

Monggilo, Zainuddin Muda Z.

doi:10.18196/jgp.2016.0026

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The included studies in this paper originated mainly from Western countries [ 8 , 26 – 46 ], but there was a paucity of literature from the Asian perspective ( S1 Table ). Considering how racism is similarly pervasive in many Asian countries, the lack of literature may be attributed to underreporting as open discourse about highly sensitive topics like racism may be limited by censorship which is more common among Asian countries [ 71 , 72 ]. Therefore, further qualitative research needs to be conducted to yield insights into the nature of racism that minority patients face in Asian healthcare systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review

Sim

Lim

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Objective To understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients. Methods Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology. Results 23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients’ perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers’ perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting. Conclusion Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review

Sim

Lim

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Selain sistem GFW, Tiongkok juga memiliki dua tipe lain terkait penyensoran yakni, The Golden Shield dan Keyboard Blocking (Monggolio, 2016). Tiongkok menerapkan sistem penyensoran internet bukan semata-mata ingin membatasi kebebasan berbicara masyarakatnya, melainkan ada tujuan yang jauh lebih penting lagi.…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

Pembatasan Akses Internet Sebagai Upaya China Menjaga Keamanan Nasional: The Great Firewall of China

Zulfikar

2023

bhuvana

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The Internet is a key factor in driving globalization. The internet enables people around the world to have an easier access to expand knowledge and collaborate. As such, countries seek to learn how the Internet works. However, China, which has the largest number of internet users in the world, instead created a censorship system called the Great Firewall of China. China set up the system because it saw that the Internet was formed by the values of freedom promoted by the western countries. Therefore, national security became the main factor motivating China to build the system. By using the theory of neoliberalism and the concept of national security, this research aims to explain the Great Firewall of China to protect its national security. The research method used in this research is analytical descriptive, with literature studies in place. The results of the study show that the idea of cyber sovereignty promoted by China has not only led to the implementation of a censorship system at the domestic level, but has also had an impact on the multinational company Google in China. The Great Firewall of China forced Google to leave China.

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Rise of Facebook in the USA and WeChat in China

Choudhury

2022

Research Anthology on Usage, Identity, and Impact of Social Media on Society and Culture

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The owners of Facebook and WeChat repeatedly promote their media as the preferred platform for people to connect. Improving social relationships was marketed as the reason for their innovation. But users' urge to unite on these OSN services alone cannot explain the success of these media in the US and China. There is a different or rather new business approach underpinning these OSN services that contribute to their success. The author argues that there is an implication of owners' profit-based interest in ensuring the popularity of their online platforms. Audience commodity analysis as discussed by Dallas W. Smythe and Christian Fuchs is employed in the contexts of the US and China to comprehend the complex factors related to online social media owners' interest and their negotiation with the government in online media's prosperity. Through archival research including examination of newspapers, policy documents from OSN-based companies, and survey results from 2015 to mid-2018, this chapter demonstrates the political economy of Facebook and WeChat.

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Internet Freedom in Asia: Case of Internet Censorship in China

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review

The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review

Pembatasan Akses Internet Sebagai Upaya China Menjaga Keamanan Nasional: The Great Firewall of China

Rise of Facebook in the USA and WeChat in China

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