Internet Related Experiences Questionnaire--Italian Version

Social invisibility and discrimination of Roma people in Italy and Brazil

“…In Brazil, even after five centuries, the image of Roma people in national territory has been socially constructed by means of a policy of forgetfulness, associated with the characterization of Roma based on meanings with negative or romanticized connotations, conceiving them as eternal foreigners (Almeida et al, 2013;Bonomo et al, 2017;Costa, 2005;Murta et al, 2016;Teixeira, 2008), dimension that has also been evidenced in the Italian context (Costarelli, 1999;Meneghini, 2017;Servidio et al, 2020;Villano et al, 2017;Zani & Kirchler, 1995). In fact, as Moonen (2013) warns, "Brazilians ignore, for example, that they already had a Roma president, or descendant of Roma, President Juscelino Kubitschek, JK" (p. 12), in addition to important intellectuals, authors and representatives of national art and literature.…”

“…The existence of strongly negative attitudes, rooted in time, and discrimination by Europeans towards Gypsies is evidenced by several sources. Piasere (2004Piasere ( , 2012Piasere ( , 2015 shows that in Europe, anti-Gypsyism is neither a recent phenomenon, nor is it limited to Italy alone, and psychosocial research conducted in several countries (Bigazzi, 2009;Drydakis, 2012;Kende et al, 2017;Kende et al, 2022;Sam Nariman et al, 2020;Servidio et al, 2020;Tileagă, 2006;Villano et al, 2017) confirm its widespread character. The Roma have been, and still are, a target of prejudice, marginali zation, and social exclusion across Europe, especially in Eastern-Central European countries.…”

“…Recent research shows that the stereotypes attributed to a specific group of Gypsies (the Romanian Roma) and the emotions felt towards them are overlapping, but the intensity of emotions, especially the positive ones, is very low (Villano et al, 2017). In the Italians' imagination the Gypsy category emerges with an independent image compared to other groups: they are afforded the status of 'different/other' par excellence, and this is a very consolidated stereotype (Costarelli, 1999;Meneghini, 2017;Servidio et al, 2020;Zani & Kirchler, 1995).…”