“…The negative social consequences of lies may be enormous, therefore, various studies have been undertaken to investigate the causes and prevention of lies in fields such as criminology, sociology, economics, and education. Over the years, lies have been widely studied in these fields and have attracted immense interest recently (Aborisade, 2022;Birkelund et al, 2022;Nanduri et al, 2020;Shams et al, 2022). Moreover, psychology has focused on revealing the causes and mechanisms of lies from different perspectives, such as personality, physiology, decision-making, and social cognition (e.g., Gunia et al, 2012;Judges et al, 2017;Kocher et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2015).…”