Interparticle Forces: A Basis for the Interpretation of Soil Physical Behavior

Quirk, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60614-8

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…overestimates the contribution of van der Waals attraction energy for smectites with small basal spacings. Quirk (1994) reported that Equation [3] is valid for layer separations between 2 ,~ and 70 A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Crystalline Swelling of 2:1 Phyllosilicates

Laird

1996

Clays and clay miner.

126

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Abstract--A macroscopic energy balance model for crystalline swelling of 2:1 phyllosilicates is presented. Crystalline swelling for a static system is modeled by a balance among the potential energies of attraction, repulsion and resistance. The potential energy of attraction is due to both the electrostatic interaction between the interlayer cations and the negative surface charge sites and to van der Waals attraction between layers. The potential energy of repulsion is due to the net hydration energy for the interlayer cations, the net hydration energy for the negative surface charge sites and Born repulsion. The potential energy of resistance represents irreversible work needed to overcome the mechanical resistance of the clay water system to both expansion and collapse. The potential energy of resistance is responsible for both hysteresis and the stepwise nature of crystalline swelling.A numerical solution of the crystalline swelling model is presented and shown to yield reasonable estimates of basal spacings for octahedrally charged clays. Measured and predicted basal spacings are directly compared and are in general agreement (r 2 = 0.39). Most of the scatter for the measured vs. predicted basal spacing relationship is attributed to inaccuracies of the assumptions used for the numerical solution. The crystalline swelling model readily accounts for the effects of layer charge and nature of the interlayer cations upon crystalline swelling, but does not account for the effect of charge site location upon crystalline swelling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Crystalline Swelling of 2:1 Phyllosilicates

Laird

1996

Clays and clay miner.

126

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“…All aggregates observed in thin section contain a mixture of clay and silt; thus, the clay content of the aggregates may play a key role in their stability. Clay can form very strong compact aggregates when divalent cations are abundant (both on the exchange complex and in the soil solution) and the clay is subjected to extreme wetting and drying cycles (Greene et al, 1978;Quirk, 1994). Perhaps the aggregates that survive minimal dispersion are those that are more compact and/or clay rich.…”

Section: Aggregates In the Peoria Loess Of Nebraskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary aggregates in the Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA

Mason

Jacobs

Greene³

et al. 2003

CATENA

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Loess grain size data used to infer transport direction or wind strength are generally derived from vigorously disaggregated samples. However, these data may not adequately represent the effective particle size distribution during loess transport, if the transported dust contained aggregates of finegrained material. Thin sections of minimally altered C and BC horizons in the late Pleistocene Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA, indicate the presence of aggregates with diameters of 30 -1000 Am. The larger aggregates (>250 Am) are unlikely to have been transported, and are interpreted as the result of soil faunal activity and other pedogenic processes after deposition. Aggregates smaller than 250 Am could have a similar origin, but laser diffraction particle size analysis suggests that many are sedimentary particles. Comparison of minimally and fully dispersed particle size distributions from each sampling site was used to estimate the modal diameter of aggregates. The aggregate modal diameter becomes finer with decreasing loess thickness, representing increasing distance from the source. A similar trend was observed in the modal diameter of fully dispersed particle size distributions, which represents the mode of sand and silt transported as individual grains. We interpret both trends as the result of sorting during transport, supporting the interpretation that many of the aggregates were transported rather than formed in place. Aggregate content appears to increase with distance from the source, explaining a much more rapid downwind increase in clay content than would be expected if clay were transported as particles smaller than 2 Am diameter. this loess were transported as primary particles, were thoroughly exposed to sunlight and are potentially well suited for luminescence dating. D

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“…A key issue in understanding all these phenomena is knowledge of the inter-particle forces and how they change with clay type, counter cation, pH and electrolyte concentration. DLVO theory quantifying double layer interactions has played a major role here, 14,17,61 although there has been much debate concerning other possible contributions to the clay interactions [62][63][64] especially long range attraction between like charged particles [65][66][67] and these issues are not fully resolved at present.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smectite clay – inorganic nanoparticle mixed suspensions: phase behaviour and rheology

2015

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Smectite clay minerals and their suspensions have long been of both great scientific and applications interest and continue to display a remarkable range of new and interesting behaviour. Recently there has been an increasing interest in the properties of mixed suspensions of such clays with nanoparticles of different size, shape and charge. This review aims to summarize the current status of research in this area focusing on phase behaviour and rheological properties. We will emphasize the rich range of data that has emerged for these systems and the challenges they present for future investigations. The review starts with a brief overview of the behaviour and current understanding of pure smectite clays and their suspensions. We then cover the work on smectite clay-inorganic nanoparticle mixed suspensions according to the shape and charge of the nanoparticles -spheres, rods and plates either positively or negatively charged. We conclude with a summary of the overarching trends that emerge from these studies and indicate where gaps in our understanding need further research for better understanding the underlying chemistry and physics.

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Interparticle Forces: A Basis for the Interpretation of Soil Physical Behavior

Cited by 84 publications

References 97 publications

Model for Crystalline Swelling of 2:1 Phyllosilicates

Model for Crystalline Swelling of 2:1 Phyllosilicates

Sedimentary aggregates in the Peoria Loess of Nebraska, USA

Smectite clay – inorganic nanoparticle mixed suspensions: phase behaviour and rheology

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