Interpersonal heroin: Love can be an addiction

Peele, Stanton; Brodsky, Archie

doi:10.1037/e400622009-001

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Motivation for love with a specific person has been long associated with patterns of behavior that bear striking similarities to addictive behaviors (Peele & Brodsky, 1975). Being with the person one loves elicits euphoric highs that conjure up a permanent craving of togetherness, elicits time- and energy-consuming behaviors to be with the loved one, and even produces withdrawal-like symptoms (cf.…”

Section: What Is So Special (And Nonspecial) About Addiction?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation and Self-Regulation in Addiction

Kőpetz

Lejuez

Wiers

et al. 2013

Perspect Psychol Sci

124

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Addiction models have frequently invoked motivational mechanisms to explain the initiation and maintenance of addictive behaviors. However, in doing so, these models have emphasized the unique characteristics of addictive behaviors and overlooked the commonalities that they share with motivated behaviors in general. As a consequence, addiction research has failed to connect with and take advantage of promising and highly relevant advances in motivation and self-regulation research. The present article is a call for a convergence of the previous approaches to addictive behavior and the new advances in basic motivation and self-regulation. The authors emphasize the commonalities that addictive behaviors may share with motivated behavior in general. In addition, it is suggested that the same psychological principles underlying motivated action in general may apply to understand challenging aspects of the etiology and maintenance of addictive behaviors.

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Section: What Is So Special (And Nonspecial) About Addiction?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation and Self-Regulation in Addiction

Kőpetz

Lejuez

Wiers

et al. 2013

Perspect Psychol Sci

124

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“…Love has also been shown to play a role in mediating reward and goal-directed motivation ( Cacioppo et al, 2012 ; Diamond and Dickenson, 2012 ). It can alter cognition and behavior, such as promoting intensely focused attention on the preferred individual, accompanied by euphoria, craving, obsession, compulsion, distortion of reality, emotional dependence, personality changes, and risk-taking ( Peele and Brodsky, 1975 ; Clark and Mills, 1979 ). Romantic love is thus a complex sentiment, involving emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components ( Sternberg, 1986 ; Hazan and Shaver, 1987 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that romantic love is a motivational state ( Aron and Aron, 1991 ; Cacioppo et al, 2012 ; Diamond and Dickenson, 2012 ) and that there are many specific psychological and behavioral changes in romantic lovers (such as intensely focused attention on a preferred individual, obsession, and risk-taking; Peele and Brodsky, 1975 ; Clark and Mills, 1979 ) as well as facilitation of cognitive behavior ( Bianchi-Demicheli et al, 2006 ; Ortigue et al, 2007 ), it is not strange to assume that being in love may affect the underlying functional architecture structure of the involved brain regions. In the present study, we computed both ReHo and FC from rsfMRI data to investigate these proposed alterations in functional brain architecture in romantic lovers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Love-related changes in the brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Song

Zou

Kou

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Romantic love is a motivational state associated with a desire to enter or maintain a close relationship with a specific other person. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found activation increases in brain regions involved in the processing of reward, motivation and emotion regulation, when romantic lovers view photographs of their partners. However, not much is known about whether romantic love affects the brain’s functional architecture during rest. In the present study, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data was collected to compare the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) across an “in-love” group (LG, N = 34, currently intensely in love), an “ended-love” group (ELG, N = 34, ended romantic relationship recently), and a “single” group (SG, N = 32, never fallen in love). Results show that: (1) ReHo of the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was significantly increased in the LG (in comparison to the ELG and the SG); (2) ReHo of the left dACC was positively correlated with length of time in love in the LG, and negatively correlated with the lovelorn duration since breakup in the ELG; (3) FC within the reward, motivation, and emotion regulation network (dACC, insula, caudate, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens) as well as FC in the social cognition network [temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), inferior parietal, precuneus, and temporal lobe] was significantly increased in the LG (in comparison to the ELG and SG); (4) in most regions within both networks FC was positively correlated with the duration of love in the LG but negatively correlated with the lovelorn duration of time since breakup in the ELG. This study provides first empirical evidence of love-related alterations in brain functional architecture. Furthermore, the results shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of romantic love, and demonstrate the possibility of applying a resting-state fMRI approach for investigating romantic love.

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“…Perhaps the best example of a Moral Model in the literature is found in Stanton Peele's books (e.g., , and Peele and Brodsky, 1991 and articles (e.g., 1983). He focuses on the role of human volition and values in behavior and claims that the role of &dquo;value-driven choices is ignored in descriptions of addiction&dquo; ( 1989:163).…”

Section: Alternative Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Danger In Viewing Addicts As Victims: A Critique Of The Disease Model Of Addiction

Wilbanks

1989

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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This article critiques the medical model of addiction by examining the historical roots of this addiction model and its recent extension to excessive behaviors involving gambling, sex, shopping, overeating, and even murder. The view that addicts are victims of a disease is seen as scientifically flawed and as counterproductive with respect to prevention and treatment. Alternative models of "excessive behavior" are suggested that are consistent with the empirical data on addiction and that are less destructive with respect to prevention and treatment. Policy implications of these alternative models are discussed. Defining The Medical View Of AddictionSeveral alternative models are available to explain the habitual use of alcohol and other drugs and the &dquo;excessive&dquo; behaviors of those &dquo;addicted&dquo; to gambling, sex, etc. The Medical Model suggests that such behavior (i.e., &dquo;disease&dquo;) is the result of an uncontrollable desire that is part of a diseased state of the mind and/or body. This model sees the initial choice of the addict to experiment with the drug (e.g., cocaine) as being replaced by a psychological and physiological compulsion. No blame or fault is imputed to the addict since the compulsion is considered part of a disease that can and must be treated. The medical model asserts that the addict cannot cure himself by willpower but must be treated for the disease of addiction. Choice cannot be restored to the addict without the removal of the underlying disease. The Learning Model explains excessive behaviors as the result of conditioning so that the &dquo;addictive&dquo; behavior (the &dquo;habit&dquo;) is continued simply because it is more rewarding than alternative behaviors. For example, the cocaine addict is seen as an individual who continues to take the drug because it is rewarding, i.e., it makes him feel good, not because he is compelled by a diseased state to do so. Treatment involves helping the addict understand

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Interpersonal heroin: Love can be an addiction

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Motivation and Self-Regulation in Addiction

Motivation and Self-Regulation in Addiction

Love-related changes in the brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The Danger In Viewing Addicts As Victims: A Critique Of The Disease Model Of Addiction

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