38 The intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella enterica is characterized by the formation of a 39 replication-permissive membrane-bound niche, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). A 40 further consequence of the massive remodeling of the host cell endosomal system, intracellular 41 Salmonella establish a unique network of various Salmonella-induced tubules (SIT). The 42 bacterial repertoire of effector proteins required for the establishment for one type of these SIT, 43 the Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF), is rather well-defined. However, the corresponding 44 host cell proteins are still poorly understood. To identify host factors required for the formation 45 of SCV and SIF, we performed a sub-genomic RNAi screen. The analyses comprised high-46 resolution live cell imaging to score effects on SIF induction, dynamics and morphology. The 47 hits of our functional RNAi screen comprise: i) The late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-48 ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, consisting of STX7, 49 STX8, VTI1B, and VAMP7 or VAMP8, this is, in conjunction with RAB7 and the homotypic 50 fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, a complete vesicle fusion machinery. ii) 51 Novel interactions with the early secretory GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, possibly providing 52 a link to coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicles and reinforcing recently identified ties to the 53 endoplasmic reticulum. iii) New connections to the late secretory pathway and/or the recycling 54 endosome via the GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, and RAB8B and the SNAREs VAMP2, VAMP3, 55 and VAMP4. iv) An unprecedented involvement of clathrin-coated structures. The resulting set 56 of hits allowed to characterize completely new host factor interactions, and strengthen 57 observations from several previous studies.
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Author Summary59 The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induces the 60 reorganization of the endosomal system of mammalian host cells. This activity is dependent on 61 translocated effector proteins of the pathogen. The host cells factors required for endosomal 18.11.2019 Host factors for SIF formation 4 62 remodeling are only partially known. To identify such factors for formation and dynamics of 63 endosomal compartments in Salmonella-infected cell, we performed a live cell imaging-based 64 RNAi screen a to investigate the role of 496 mammalian proteins involved in cellular logistics. 65 We identified that endosomal remodeling by intracellular Salmonella dependent on host factors 66 in following functional classes: i) the late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-67 sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, ii) the early secretory pathway, 68 represented by regulators GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, iii) the late secretory pathway and/or 69 recycling endosomes represented by GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, RAB8B, and the SNAREs 70 VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4, and iv) clathrin-coated structures. The identification of these 71 new host factors provides further evidence ...